Análisis actual (1987-2017) y futuro (2050) del hábitat del mono tocón, Plecturocebus oenanthe, y posterior propuesta de corredores ecológicos en la Región de San Martín
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2018-12-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El Perú es considerado como uno de los países más biodiversos del mundo.
Esta diversidad está compuesta por flora y fauna endémica. Una de estas
especies es Plecturocebus oenanthe, también conocido como mono tocón, cuyo
hábitat se restringe a la región San Martín. Este primate ha sido catalogado
como uno de los 25 primates más amenazados del mundo por la Unión
Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza debido al deterioro y
fragmentación de su hábitat. De igual manera, otro de los problemas que
enfrenta Plecturocebus oenanthe es el cambio climático. Estudios recientes en
primates han demostrado la gran susceptibilidad de estos animales a
alteraciones climáticas. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de esta tesis es analizar el
hábitat actual en un período comprendido entre 1987 al 2017 y el hábitat futuro
al año 2050 para el mono tocón con la finalidad de establecer medidas de
conservación como el diseño de corredores ecológicos.
La metodología está compuesta por análisis espaciales en cuatro años distintos
(1987, 1996, 2006 y 2017) mediante el uso de sensores remotos y sistemas de
información geográfica (SIG). Asimismo, se calcula la tasa de deforestación y de
cambio en el rango geográfico del primate y se identifican aquellas áreas
prioritarias que deben ser conectadas debido a la pérdida forestal que han
concentrado en un período de treinta años. Además, se realiza el modelamiento
de distribución de especies para Plecturocebus oenanthe a través del software
Maxent, donde se evalúa su distribución actual y futura bajo dos Modelos
Climáticos Globales (HadGEM2-ES y CCSM4). Finalmente, se diseñan dos
corredores ecológicos a través del uso de herramientas SIG como Gnarly
Landscape Utilities y Linkage Mapper en las zonas que han sido identificadas
como necesarias para asegurar la conservación de este primate endémico.
Los principales resultados arrojan una pérdida considerable de cobertura
vegetal en el período comprendido entre 1987 y 2006 (disminución de 4507.58
ha/año), pero un aumento de superficie vegetal entre 2006 y 2017 (aumento de
7331.63 ha/año) ligado al incremento de cultivos permanentes en la región como
cacao y café. Asimismo, se logró la adición de dos nuevas localidades de
presencia del primate en la zona norte del área de estudio. Finalmente, con la
modelación futura y la información de pérdida actual de bosques se evidencia
la disminución del área de distribución potencial, teniendo un área promedio
de 366.17 km² en RCP 2.6 y 209.84 km² en RCP 8.5.
Perú is considered one of the most biodiverse countries in the world. This diversity is composed of endemic flora and fauna. One of these species is Plecturocebus oenanthe, also known as San Martín Titi monkey, whose habitat is restricted to the San Martín region. This primate has been cataloged as one of the 25 most threatened primates in the world by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature due to the deterioration and fragmentation of its habitat. At the same time, another problem facing Plecturocebus oenanthe is climate change. Recent studies in primates have shown the great susceptibility of these animals to climatic alterations. For this reason, the objective of this thesis is to analyze the current habitat in a period between 1987 to 2017 and the future habitat in 2050 for the Titi monkey in order to establish conservation measures such as the design of ecological corridors. The methodology is composed of spatial analysis in four different years (1987, 1996, 2006 and 2017) through the use of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Likewise, the rate of deforestation and change in the primate's geographic range is calculated and priority areas that must be connected due to forest loss that have been concentrated over a period of thirty years are identified. In addition, the Species Distribution Modelling for Plecturocebus oenanthe is carried out through the Maxent software, where its current and future distribution is evaluated under two Global Climate Models (HadGEM2-ES and CCSM4). Finally, two ecological corridors are designed using two GIS tools such as Gnarly Landscape Utilities and Linkage Mapper in the areas that have been identified as necessary to ensure the conservation of this endemic primate. The main results show a considerable loss of vegetation cover in the period between 1987 and 2006 (decrease of 4507.58 ha/year), but an increase in vegetation cover between 2006 and 2017 (increase of 7331.63 ha/year) is linked to the increase in permanent crops in the region as cocoa and coffee. At the same time, the addition of two new locations of presence of the primate in the northern area of the study site was achieved. Finally, with the future modelling and information on current forest loss, the potential area of distribution is reduced, with an average area of 366.17 km² in RCP 2.6 and 209.84 km² in RCP 8.5.
Perú is considered one of the most biodiverse countries in the world. This diversity is composed of endemic flora and fauna. One of these species is Plecturocebus oenanthe, also known as San Martín Titi monkey, whose habitat is restricted to the San Martín region. This primate has been cataloged as one of the 25 most threatened primates in the world by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature due to the deterioration and fragmentation of its habitat. At the same time, another problem facing Plecturocebus oenanthe is climate change. Recent studies in primates have shown the great susceptibility of these animals to climatic alterations. For this reason, the objective of this thesis is to analyze the current habitat in a period between 1987 to 2017 and the future habitat in 2050 for the Titi monkey in order to establish conservation measures such as the design of ecological corridors. The methodology is composed of spatial analysis in four different years (1987, 1996, 2006 and 2017) through the use of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Likewise, the rate of deforestation and change in the primate's geographic range is calculated and priority areas that must be connected due to forest loss that have been concentrated over a period of thirty years are identified. In addition, the Species Distribution Modelling for Plecturocebus oenanthe is carried out through the Maxent software, where its current and future distribution is evaluated under two Global Climate Models (HadGEM2-ES and CCSM4). Finally, two ecological corridors are designed using two GIS tools such as Gnarly Landscape Utilities and Linkage Mapper in the areas that have been identified as necessary to ensure the conservation of this endemic primate. The main results show a considerable loss of vegetation cover in the period between 1987 and 2006 (decrease of 4507.58 ha/year), but an increase in vegetation cover between 2006 and 2017 (increase of 7331.63 ha/year) is linked to the increase in permanent crops in the region as cocoa and coffee. At the same time, the addition of two new locations of presence of the primate in the northern area of the study site was achieved. Finally, with the future modelling and information on current forest loss, the potential area of distribution is reduced, with an average area of 366.17 km² in RCP 2.6 and 209.84 km² in RCP 8.5.
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Monos--Perú--San Martín, Región--Investigaciones, Monos--Ecología, Vida silvestre--Conservación--San Martín, Región
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