La campaña electoral de Acción Popular desde las páginas de la prensa escrita (1961-1962)
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2023-10-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El principal objetivo de la investigación es comprender el desarrollo de la campaña
electoral de Acción Popular para las elecciones generales de 1962. Se utiliza para
el análisis algunas categorías como carrera política, campañas electorales y
partidos de masas. La metodología busca establecer, principalmente mediante
información extraída de la prensa de la época, las relaciones entre líderes, partidos,
campañas electorales y prensa; enfatizando la influencia del contexto en los actores
políticos. Las principales conclusiones señalan que, la carrera política de Fernando
Belaunde y la trayectoria de Acción Popular anteriores a 1962 nutrieron,
respectivamente, su capital político y su organización partidaria lo que acrecentó
sus opciones electorales. Con esa base, entre 1961 y 1962, la campaña electoral
de Acción Popular, si bien no fue exitosa por el resultado de los comicios, sí
evidenció una serie de características y componentes que las campañas electorales
comenzaban a tener. Para los líderes de Acción Popular, la campaña electoral fue
vista como un esfuerzo por captar el voto de sectores populares mediante ideas,
gestos, frases y símbolos enmarcados en una redefinición política del nacionalismo
y el populismo. Por su parte, para los líderes del APRA y la Unión Nacional Odriista,
la campaña de Acción Popular fue vista como la mayor amenaza para sus
aspiraciones de triunfo, por lo que asumieron posturas de cuestionamiento,
identificándola con una opción radical y foránea, acusándola de una encubierta
afinidad al comunismo y ambigüedad política. Por último, en un contexto de apertura
política y libertad de prensa, los periódicos y las revistas de la época tuvieron un rol,
no solo informativo, sino explícitamente político, tomando posición a favor y en
contra de la campaña de Acción Popular, mediante coberturas, opiniones, debates,
silencios informativos
The main objective of the research is to understand the development of the electoral campaign of Acción Popular for the general elections of 1962. Using for the analysis some categories such as political career, electoral campaigns and mass parties. The methodology seeks to establish, mainly through information extracted from the press of the time, the relationships between leaders, parties, electoral campaigns and the press; emphasizing the influence of the context on political actors. The main conclusions indicate that the political career of Fernando Belaunde and the trajectory of Acción Popular prior to 1962 nourished, respectively, his political capital and his party organization, which increased his electoral options. On this basis, between 1961 and 1962, the electoral campaign of Acción Popular, although it was not successful due to the results of the elections, did show a series of characteristics and components that electoral campaigns were beginning to have. For the leaders of Acción Popular, the electoral campaign was seen as an effort to capture the vote of popular sectors through ideas, gestures, phrases and symbols framed in a political redefinition of nationalism and populism. For their part, for the leaders of APRA and the Unión Nacional Odriista, the Acción Popular campaign was seen as the greatest threat to their aspirations for victory, for which reason they assumed positions of questioning, identifying it with a radical and foreign option, accusing it of a covert affinity with communism and political ambiguity. Finally, in a context of political openness and freedom of the press, the newspapers and magazines of the time had a role, not only informative, but also explicitly political, taking a position in favor of and against the Acción Popular campaign, through coverage, opinions, debates, informative silences
The main objective of the research is to understand the development of the electoral campaign of Acción Popular for the general elections of 1962. Using for the analysis some categories such as political career, electoral campaigns and mass parties. The methodology seeks to establish, mainly through information extracted from the press of the time, the relationships between leaders, parties, electoral campaigns and the press; emphasizing the influence of the context on political actors. The main conclusions indicate that the political career of Fernando Belaunde and the trajectory of Acción Popular prior to 1962 nourished, respectively, his political capital and his party organization, which increased his electoral options. On this basis, between 1961 and 1962, the electoral campaign of Acción Popular, although it was not successful due to the results of the elections, did show a series of characteristics and components that electoral campaigns were beginning to have. For the leaders of Acción Popular, the electoral campaign was seen as an effort to capture the vote of popular sectors through ideas, gestures, phrases and symbols framed in a political redefinition of nationalism and populism. For their part, for the leaders of APRA and the Unión Nacional Odriista, the Acción Popular campaign was seen as the greatest threat to their aspirations for victory, for which reason they assumed positions of questioning, identifying it with a radical and foreign option, accusing it of a covert affinity with communism and political ambiguity. Finally, in a context of political openness and freedom of the press, the newspapers and magazines of the time had a role, not only informative, but also explicitly political, taking a position in favor of and against the Acción Popular campaign, through coverage, opinions, debates, informative silences
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Belaúnde Terry, Fernando, 1912-2002, Acción Popular (Perú), Elecciones--Perú--Siglo XX
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