Experiencia emocional de psicólogos, psicólogas y psicoterapeutas de una línea de apoyo psicológico en el contexto del COVID-19
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2024-10-28
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El objetivo de la presente investigación fue conocer la experiencia emocional de psicólogos,
psicólogas y psicoterapeutas que brindaron apoyo psicológico en una línea de ayuda en el
contexto del COVID-19. Para lograr ello, se partió de un diseño fenomenológico descriptivo y
se empleó una técnica de análisis temático. De este modo, se realizaron 13 entrevistas
semiestructuradas a psicólogas/os y psicoterapeutas que participaron de una línea de apoyo
psicológico en los primeros meses de iniciada la emergencia sanitaria en Perú. A partir de los
resultados se destaca que los factores estructurales, incontrolables e inéditos del contexto que
determinan el estado del consultante durante la pandemia, impactan en reacciones emocionales
como la impotencia, frustración y enojo en los/as profesionales, así como en la satisfacción al
ayudar y sostener a un otro dentro de la complejidad del entorno. Asimismo, la realidad
compartida configurada en la consulta psicológica genera distintas reacciones y dinámicas en
la experiencia de el/la profesional, como la identificación con las vivencias de las personas
atendidas la cual permite una comprensión y escucha más empática, mientras que también
potencia la movilización emocional ante la posibilidad de verse afectado por la amenaza
latente. La diferenciación entre el impacto de la pandemia y factores protectores que poseen
los/as profesionales propicia que se reconozcan en una posición privilegiada durante la
emergencia y, en ese sentido, que se autoperciban en un rol de ayuda. Por último, se enfatiza
la importancia de las acciones de cuidado a nivel grupal para el manejo de la experiencia
emocional.
The present research aimed to know the emotional experience of psychologists and psychotherapists who provided psychological support in a helpline during the COVID-19 global pandemic. To achieve this, a descriptive phenomenological design and a thematic analysis technique were employed. Thus, 13 semi-structured interviews were conducted with psychologists and psychotherapists who participated in a psychological helpline in the first months of the health emergency in Peru. The results show that the structural, uncontrollable and unprecedented factors of the context that determine the state of the patient during the global pandemic have an impact on emotional reactions such as helplessness, frustration and anger in professionals, as well as on satisfaction in helping and supporting others within the complexity of the environment. Likewise, the shared reality configured in the psychological consultation generates different reactions and dynamics in the professional's experience, such as identification with the experiences of the people assisted, which allows for a more empathetic understanding and listening, while also promoting emotional mobilization due to the possibility of being affected by the latent threat. The differentiation between the impact of the pandemic and the protective factors possessed by the professionals helps them to recognize themselves in a privileged position during the emergency and, in this sense, to perceive themselves in a helping role. Finally, the importance of group care actions for the management of the emotional experience is emphasized.
The present research aimed to know the emotional experience of psychologists and psychotherapists who provided psychological support in a helpline during the COVID-19 global pandemic. To achieve this, a descriptive phenomenological design and a thematic analysis technique were employed. Thus, 13 semi-structured interviews were conducted with psychologists and psychotherapists who participated in a psychological helpline in the first months of the health emergency in Peru. The results show that the structural, uncontrollable and unprecedented factors of the context that determine the state of the patient during the global pandemic have an impact on emotional reactions such as helplessness, frustration and anger in professionals, as well as on satisfaction in helping and supporting others within the complexity of the environment. Likewise, the shared reality configured in the psychological consultation generates different reactions and dynamics in the professional's experience, such as identification with the experiences of the people assisted, which allows for a more empathetic understanding and listening, while also promoting emotional mobilization due to the possibility of being affected by the latent threat. The differentiation between the impact of the pandemic and the protective factors possessed by the professionals helps them to recognize themselves in a privileged position during the emergency and, in this sense, to perceive themselves in a helping role. Finally, the importance of group care actions for the management of the emotional experience is emphasized.
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Pandemia de COVID-19, 2020---Aspectos psicológicos--Perú, Emociones (Psicología), Psicoterapeutas
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