Somos otras en este espacio: reconstrucción de la feminidad en (ex)pacientes de cáncer de mama. Estudio de caso del Club de la Mama del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas - Lima, Perú
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
2021-11-25
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
DOI
Resumen
Es común vincular el cáncer a los estudios biomédicos. Pero ¿no es la
enfermedad el punto de mayor cuestionamiento de una persona? Así, las
pacientes de cáncer de mama no solo enfrentan su mortalidad, sino también un
nuevo posicionamiento frente al cuerpo: en muchos casos deben decidir entre
conservar un atributo que culturalmente las diferencia como mujeres (los senos)
o seguir el tratamiento (y continuar con sus vidas). Un cuerpo que jamás se
cuestionó —al haberse entendido como algo invariable y siempre presente—
ahora lo hace constantemente. Indicaba ya Sontag (2012) que las metáforas
esconden la complejidad de las vivencias; es por ello que no se puede reducir
esta experiencia a una demonización o a una comparación de sus cuerpos como
campo de batalla, se sentía necesario volver a esa experiencia desde las
mujeres, específicamente en tanto a cómo configuraban ahora su experiencia de
feminidad.
Esta preocupación se hizo más explícita al constatar cómo las campañas de
prevención se centran únicamente en la pérdida de los senos, reduciendo los
cuestionamientos únicamente a una parte de sus cuerpos. Así, esta
investigación se enfoca en un grupo de mujeres de clase media/baja que se
atiende en el INEN (Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas) y que
forman parte de un grupo de soporte para pacientes de cáncer llamado Club de
la mama. Esta organización es formada por exreinas de belleza bajo la consigna
de “se puede vivir bien con cáncer”; donde sus prácticas también suponen “no
perder la feminidad” —lo cual se prueba con el énfasis a talleres de cuidado de
la imagen personal o sesiones de psicología donde se traten los miedos y
cuestionamientos de estas mujeres-. Entonces, ¿la pertenencia a este grupo
afecta su nueva experiencia de feminidad? La intención del club es la de reducir
los cuestionamientos sobre el valor de sus feminidades a través del cuidado de
la imagen personal; sin embargo, el impacto no es el mismo en todas las
participantes: solo quienes tienen una presencia constante en este espacio
logran reconstruir su feminidad como su fortaleza para vencer al cáncer. Quienes
no, terminan con incluso más cuestionamientos.
It is common to link cancer to biomedical studies. But isn't illness the point of greatest questioning of a person? Thus, breast cancer patients not only face their mortality, but also a new position in front of the body: in many cases they must decide between conserving an attribute that culturally differentiates them as women (their breasts) or following the treatment (and being capable of continue with their lives). A body that was never questioned —having understood itself as something invariable and always present— now does so constantly. Sontag (2012) already indicated that metaphors hide the complexity of experiences; that is why this cannot be reduced to a demonization or to a comparison of their bodies as a battlefield. It seemed like a necessity to return to that experience from the position of these women, specifically in terms of how they now configured their experience of femininity. The interest in learning about other approaches to this condition is higher when data from GLOBOCAN (Global Cancer Observatory) reveals that cancer — before the pandemic, evidently— assumed the leading cause of death almost worldwide. Nationally, they have not fully updated figures, but the Peruvian League Against Cancer (2019) corroborated the same data for the country. However, national awareness campaigns focus more on breast cancer; But the message focuses on avoiding losing your breasts. Thus, it could be inferred that the women who go through this experience are only reduced to a part of their bodies. Are there no other questionings after this experience? Therefore, this research focuses on a group of middle / lower class women who are cared for at the INEN (National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases) and who are part of a support group for cancer patients called the Breast Club. This organization is formed by former beauty queens under the slogan "you can live well with cancer"; where their practices also involve "not losing femininity" — which is proven with the emphasis on self-image care workshops or psychology sessions where the fears and questions of these women are addressed-. Consequently, does membership in this group affect your new experience of femininity? The intention of the club is to reduce questions about the value of their femininity through the care of personal image; however, the impact is not the same in all the participants: only those who have a constant presence in this space are able to rebuild their femininity as their strength to defeat cancer. Those who don't end up with even more questioning.
It is common to link cancer to biomedical studies. But isn't illness the point of greatest questioning of a person? Thus, breast cancer patients not only face their mortality, but also a new position in front of the body: in many cases they must decide between conserving an attribute that culturally differentiates them as women (their breasts) or following the treatment (and being capable of continue with their lives). A body that was never questioned —having understood itself as something invariable and always present— now does so constantly. Sontag (2012) already indicated that metaphors hide the complexity of experiences; that is why this cannot be reduced to a demonization or to a comparison of their bodies as a battlefield. It seemed like a necessity to return to that experience from the position of these women, specifically in terms of how they now configured their experience of femininity. The interest in learning about other approaches to this condition is higher when data from GLOBOCAN (Global Cancer Observatory) reveals that cancer — before the pandemic, evidently— assumed the leading cause of death almost worldwide. Nationally, they have not fully updated figures, but the Peruvian League Against Cancer (2019) corroborated the same data for the country. However, national awareness campaigns focus more on breast cancer; But the message focuses on avoiding losing your breasts. Thus, it could be inferred that the women who go through this experience are only reduced to a part of their bodies. Are there no other questionings after this experience? Therefore, this research focuses on a group of middle / lower class women who are cared for at the INEN (National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases) and who are part of a support group for cancer patients called the Breast Club. This organization is formed by former beauty queens under the slogan "you can live well with cancer"; where their practices also involve "not losing femininity" — which is proven with the emphasis on self-image care workshops or psychology sessions where the fears and questions of these women are addressed-. Consequently, does membership in this group affect your new experience of femininity? The intention of the club is to reduce questions about the value of their femininity through the care of personal image; however, the impact is not the same in all the participants: only those who have a constant presence in this space are able to rebuild their femininity as their strength to defeat cancer. Those who don't end up with even more questioning.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Feminidad--Perú, Mamas--Cáncer--Perú
Citación
Colecciones
item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
Licencia Creative Commons
Excepto se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este artículo se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess