Calidad en las empresas peruanas del sector pesquero
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2019-08-29
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El sector pesquero en el Perú es un elemento estratégico para la economía nacional. El
Perú posee condiciones geográficas y climáticas para la pesca, y debido a su riqueza de
nutrientes y diversidad de especies, el país se convierte en una potencia pesquera. El sector
pesquero está orientándose al desarrollo de nuevos productos y presentaciones que alcancen
mayores precios en el mercado. Para tal fin resulta necesaria una administración de calidad de
alto nivel dentro del sector pesquero conforme a las exigencias de los mercados
internacionales, sin embargo, hasta la fecha no se conocen datos sobre el estado de la
administración de la calidad en el sector pesquero, y este trabajo de investigación busca
brindar algunos datos relevantes al respecto.
El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar si las empresas del sector
pesquero en Perú que poseen certificaciones en algún sistema de gestión de calidad presentan
diferencias significativas en el nivel de calidad en comparación con aquellas que no cuentan
con un sistema de gestión de calidad. Para tal fin se utiliza el instrumento propuesto por
Benzaquen en el año 2013, quien realizó una investigación sobre la administración de calidad
total y las empresas peruanas. Este instrumento está basado en nueve factores de calidad que
determinan el nivel de calidad a ser comparado.
La investigación amplia los resultados obtenidos por Benzaquen, acotándose en el
sector pesquero peruano. La población estuvo compuesta por 209 empresas del sector, según
los datos del Ministerio de la Producción a fines del año 2014. La investigación tuvo un
alcance descriptivo y explicativo, y su enfoque fue cuantitativo. Así mismo la muestra tiene
un error estadístico de 10% y nivel de confianza de 95%, conformada por 66 compañías.
Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el 25.8% cuentan con Sistemas de Gestión de
Calidad en el sector pesquero. En esta investigación se han podido identificar que los
Sistemas de Gestión de Calidad certificados en el sector pesquero peruano son el ISO 9001 y el BRC. También se determinó que las empresas del sector están sujetas a las normas
HACCP para establecer puntos de control en la inocuidad de los alimentos. Esta última
norma no es considerada un sistema de gestión de calidad pero si lo complementa.
Finalmente las conclusiones de la investigación revelan que si existen diferencias
significativas en todos los nueve factores de la calidad señalados por Benzaquen, donde las
empresas pesqueras que cuentan con sistemas de gestión de la calidad tuvieron un desempeño
superior en comparación con las que no cuentan con un sistema de gestión de la calidad.
The Peruvian fishing sector is a strategic element in the economy of the country. Peru possesses a geography and climate that perfectly suits the fishing activities, and, due to the rich nutrients and diversity of species, this country becomes a world fishing power. This sector is currently being driven towards the development of new products in presentations that can reach higher prices in the market. In order to achieve this, a high-level quality administration is needed within the industry, one that matches the requirements of international markets; however, so far there is no information on the state of the quality management in the fishing sector, and this investigation paper intends to deliver relevant data on that matter. The aim of this investigation is to identify whether the Peruvian fishing companies holding certifications on quality assurance show significant differences in their quality when compared with those companies not holding a QA system. In order to achieve this, the instrument used is that proposed by Benzaquen in 2013: an investigation on the administration of total quality and the Peruvian companies. This instrument is based on nine quality factors that determine the level of quality to be compared. The investigation expands on the results obtained by Benzaquen by focusing on the Peruvian fishing sector. The population was comprised by 209 companies as per data by the Ministry of Production in 2014. It had a descriptive and explanatory range, whilst its focus was quantitative. Also, the sample –comprised by 66 companies- has a statistic error of 10% and a level of trust of 95%. The results show that 25.8% hold a Quality Assurance system within the industry. This investigation identifies the QA systems in the Peruvian fishing sector are certified ISO 9001 and BRC. It was also identified that the companies are subject to HACCP regulations to establish control points for foodstuff health. This set of regulations is not considered a QA system; however, it is regarded as a complement thereof. Finally, the conclusions of the investigation reveal that there are significant differences in all nine quality factors as pointed by Benzaquen, where those fishing companies with Quality assurance systems had a superior performance as compared to those that do not hold such systems.
The Peruvian fishing sector is a strategic element in the economy of the country. Peru possesses a geography and climate that perfectly suits the fishing activities, and, due to the rich nutrients and diversity of species, this country becomes a world fishing power. This sector is currently being driven towards the development of new products in presentations that can reach higher prices in the market. In order to achieve this, a high-level quality administration is needed within the industry, one that matches the requirements of international markets; however, so far there is no information on the state of the quality management in the fishing sector, and this investigation paper intends to deliver relevant data on that matter. The aim of this investigation is to identify whether the Peruvian fishing companies holding certifications on quality assurance show significant differences in their quality when compared with those companies not holding a QA system. In order to achieve this, the instrument used is that proposed by Benzaquen in 2013: an investigation on the administration of total quality and the Peruvian companies. This instrument is based on nine quality factors that determine the level of quality to be compared. The investigation expands on the results obtained by Benzaquen by focusing on the Peruvian fishing sector. The population was comprised by 209 companies as per data by the Ministry of Production in 2014. It had a descriptive and explanatory range, whilst its focus was quantitative. Also, the sample –comprised by 66 companies- has a statistic error of 10% and a level of trust of 95%. The results show that 25.8% hold a Quality Assurance system within the industry. This investigation identifies the QA systems in the Peruvian fishing sector are certified ISO 9001 and BRC. It was also identified that the companies are subject to HACCP regulations to establish control points for foodstuff health. This set of regulations is not considered a QA system; however, it is regarded as a complement thereof. Finally, the conclusions of the investigation reveal that there are significant differences in all nine quality factors as pointed by Benzaquen, where those fishing companies with Quality assurance systems had a superior performance as compared to those that do not hold such systems.
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Palabras clave
Calidad total, Industria pesquera--Perú, Investigación cuantitativa
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Excepto se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este artículo se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess