La agencia de los pozos subterráneos y la geografía histórica del distrito La Yarada-Los Palos, Tacna
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Date
2018-07-20
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Los problemas para el abastecimiento de agua potable en la costa peruana han
sido una preocupación para los agricultores, población y tomadores de
decisiones de larga data. Aunque se identifica una potencialidad para la
producción y los cultivos en esta región geográfica, la actividad sigue siendo
condicionada por factores económicos, ecológicos, sociales y políticos. En esta
investigación me propongo explicar cómo es que la tecnología de pozos
subterráneos ha logrado superar algunas de estas limitaciones y a la par ha
generado otros escenarios de cambio ecológico, social y político. El distrito de
La Yarada-Los Palos, región Tacna, es el caso de estudio y para ello se investigó
el proceso histórico del distrito, junto con los aspectos políticos e institucionales
relacionados a la gestión del agua subterránea.
Como resultado de la investigación, se evidenció que los pozos subterráneos
participan en las decisiones de las organizaciones de riego a la vez que
condicionan y disciplinan a los regantes. Desde una dimensión simbólica, los
pozos subterráneos son resignificados, para ser entendidos como parte de las
relaciones entre naturaleza-tecnología-sociedad, como microcuencas. Por otro
lado, se evidenció que el modelo de agroexportación, además de vulnerar los
sistemas ecológicos también vulnera derechos laborales de los y las trabajadoras
de las chacras diferenciadamente.
Water supply has long been an important concern of landowners, local residents, and decision makers in the coastal region of Peru. Although there is strong potential for irrigated cultivation in this region, this activity is conditioned by economic, ecological, social, and political factors. The aim in this research is explain how tube well technology has overcome some of these limitations while simultaneously generating new scenarios of social, ecological, and political change. This study focuses on the district La Yarada—Los Palos (Tacna). It researches the history of the district, as well as other political and institutional aspects related to the management of groundwater. The results of this study demonstrate the agency, or participation, of the tube well technology in the decision-making processes of irrigation institutions as well as their role in conditioning and disciplining farmer activities. From a symbolic perspective, the tube wells are understood as “micro-watersheds”, they are thus re-signified as components of a nature-technology-society relationship. However, this relationship, which supports the agro-export model, is shown to erode ecological conditions as well as the labor rights of the farm workers, affecting male and female farm workers in different ways.
Water supply has long been an important concern of landowners, local residents, and decision makers in the coastal region of Peru. Although there is strong potential for irrigated cultivation in this region, this activity is conditioned by economic, ecological, social, and political factors. The aim in this research is explain how tube well technology has overcome some of these limitations while simultaneously generating new scenarios of social, ecological, and political change. This study focuses on the district La Yarada—Los Palos (Tacna). It researches the history of the district, as well as other political and institutional aspects related to the management of groundwater. The results of this study demonstrate the agency, or participation, of the tube well technology in the decision-making processes of irrigation institutions as well as their role in conditioning and disciplining farmer activities. From a symbolic perspective, the tube wells are understood as “micro-watersheds”, they are thus re-signified as components of a nature-technology-society relationship. However, this relationship, which supports the agro-export model, is shown to erode ecological conditions as well as the labor rights of the farm workers, affecting male and female farm workers in different ways.
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Pozos artesianos--Perú--La Yarada-Los Palos (Tacna : Distrito), Agua subterránea--Perú--Tacna, Agua en agricultura--Perú--Tacna, Agua--Administración
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