«Barrio de indios»: arqueología de una parroquia urbana periférica en la ciudad colonial de Riobamba, Ecuador
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2016
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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La excavación de basurales de dos casas de barrios periféricos de la ciudad colonial de Riobamba, en la Audiencia de Quito (hoy Ecuador), ha incluido el análisis de restos botánicos y de fauna con el fin de lograr un mejor entendimiento de las relaciones existentes entre raza, clase social y cultura material en una ciudad andina del siglo XVIII. A pesar de que las autoridades locales del siglo XVI intentaron mantener barrios exclusivos para la gente indígena, para el siglo XVIII, estos mismos barrios se transformaron en lugares racialmente mestizos. Pese a una naturaleza híbrida de los materiales culturales en estos contextos, la pobreza, un estatus de artesanos y la clasificación racial de «indios» fueron factores determinantes en la vida de quienes poblaron la parroquia San Blas en siglo XVIII. Gran parte de la arqueología histórica se enfoca al nivel de unidades domésticas en la escala de análisis y, aun para entornos urbanos, es importante también considerar a la parroquia, o vecindario, como una importante unidad de análisis.
Excavation of middens from two households in a peripheral parish of the colonial city of Riobamba, in the Audiencia of Quito (today Ecuador), has included analysis of faunal and botanical remains, in order to better understand the relationship between race, social class, and material culture in the 18th century Andean city. Although city officials of the 16th century attempted to maintain separate neighborhoods for indigenous people, by the 18th century such neighborhoods had become racially mixed. Despite the hybrid nature of the material remains in such households, poverty, status as artisans, and racial classification as indios were still significant factors in the lives of those who lived in the San Blas parish in the 18th century. Much historical archaeology focuses on the level of households as a scale of analysis, and yet for urban environments, it is important to also consider the parish, or neighborhood, as an important unit of analysis.
Excavation of middens from two households in a peripheral parish of the colonial city of Riobamba, in the Audiencia of Quito (today Ecuador), has included analysis of faunal and botanical remains, in order to better understand the relationship between race, social class, and material culture in the 18th century Andean city. Although city officials of the 16th century attempted to maintain separate neighborhoods for indigenous people, by the 18th century such neighborhoods had become racially mixed. Despite the hybrid nature of the material remains in such households, poverty, status as artisans, and racial classification as indios were still significant factors in the lives of those who lived in the San Blas parish in the 18th century. Much historical archaeology focuses on the level of households as a scale of analysis, and yet for urban environments, it is important to also consider the parish, or neighborhood, as an important unit of analysis.
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Ecuador, Arqueología Histórica, Vida Doméstica, Identidad, Artesanos, Ecuador, Historical Archaeology, Identity, Domestic Life, Artisans
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