Propuesta de un índice de transparencia corporativa aplicado al sector minero
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Date
2020-06-30
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal proponer un Índice de
Transparencia Corporativa el cual podrá aplicarse no solo en el sector minero, sino también
en los demás sectores de la industria peruana.
El índice fue elaborado y validado de acuerdo a la metodología del Manual de
Construcción de Índices Compuestos de la OCDE. Para ello inicialmente se tuvo que realizar
una ardua revisión de la literatura acerca de transparencia corporativa recurriendo para ello a
distintas fuentes disponibles y confiables que se pudieron encontrar en plataformas digitales y
físicas, seguidamente, se recurrió a la revisión de modelos de ITC que buscan medir la
divulgación de información y procesos metodológicos a nivel mundial; con el fin de
seleccionar los más apropiados que finalmente sirvieron de guía al momento de crear el
modelo propuesto.
El ITC presentado considera información estructurada y relevante que las
organizaciones deben divulgar a sus stakeholders para que sean consideradas transparentes; y
está compuesto por 59 indicadores y 24 variables, los que al agruparse conforman 14 factores
en sus cinco dimensiones: (a) Información Básica, (b) Información de Buen Gobierno
Corporativo, (c) Información Financiera y Contable, (d) Responsabilidad Social Empresarial
y (e) Políticas Anticorrupción.
La prueba de este instrumento se realizó en empresas de sector minero peruano, en
dicho sector la población se compone por minería artesanal, pequeña, mediana y gran
minería, las cuales se encuentran registradas en el Ministerio de Energía y Minas (MINEN).
La consistencia interna y validación de la data se determinó empleando el programa
estadístico SPSS.
The main objective of this research is to propose a Corporate Transparency Index which can be applied not only in the mining sector, but also in other sectors of the Peruvian industry. The index was prepared and validated according to the methodology of the OECD Handboook on constructing composite indicators: Methodology and user guide. For this, initially, an arduous review of the literature on transparency had to be carried out, resorting to different available and reliable sources that can be found on digital platforms; then, a review of ITC models that seek to measure disclosure of information and methodological processes worldwide was used; in order to select the appropriate ones which will serve as a guide when creating the proposed model. The ITC includes structured and relevant information that organizations must disclose to their stakeholders so that they are considered transparent; and it is made up of 59 indicators and 24 variables, which when grouped together make up 14 factors in their five dimensions: (a) Basic Information, (b) Good Corporate Governance Information, (c) Financial and Accounting Information, (d) Social Responsibility Business and (e) Anti-Corruption Policies. The test of this instrument was carried out in companies in the Peruvian mining sector, in this sector the population is made up of artisanal, small, medium and large-scale mining, which are registered with the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MINEN). The internal consistency and data validation was determined using the SPSS statistical program.
The main objective of this research is to propose a Corporate Transparency Index which can be applied not only in the mining sector, but also in other sectors of the Peruvian industry. The index was prepared and validated according to the methodology of the OECD Handboook on constructing composite indicators: Methodology and user guide. For this, initially, an arduous review of the literature on transparency had to be carried out, resorting to different available and reliable sources that can be found on digital platforms; then, a review of ITC models that seek to measure disclosure of information and methodological processes worldwide was used; in order to select the appropriate ones which will serve as a guide when creating the proposed model. The ITC includes structured and relevant information that organizations must disclose to their stakeholders so that they are considered transparent; and it is made up of 59 indicators and 24 variables, which when grouped together make up 14 factors in their five dimensions: (a) Basic Information, (b) Good Corporate Governance Information, (c) Financial and Accounting Information, (d) Social Responsibility Business and (e) Anti-Corruption Policies. The test of this instrument was carried out in companies in the Peruvian mining sector, in this sector the population is made up of artisanal, small, medium and large-scale mining, which are registered with the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MINEN). The internal consistency and data validation was determined using the SPSS statistical program.
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Keywords
Transparencia corporativa--Perú, Sector minero--Perú
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