Voluntad (der Wille) y pulsión (der Trieb): A. Schopenhauer (1788-1860) y S. Freud (1856-1939). Semejanzas y diferencias
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2019-07-30
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Se analizan comparativamente el concepto de voluntad (der Wille) de Arthur
Schopenhauer y el concepto de pulsión (der Trieb) de S. Freud. La relación entre
ambos conceptos ha sido poco estudiada. Hay estudios que señalan
parentescos cercanos entre la voluntad y varios conceptos psicoanalíticos
(sexualidad, inconsciente, ello); sin embargo, son escuetos en el tratamiento de
la voluntad. Este trabajo describe vertical y sistemáticamente tanto la voluntad
como la pulsión antes de señalar similitudes y divergencias. El primer capítulo
desarrolla la voluntad (der Wille) poniendo de relieve sus características: su
escisión fundamental consigo misma, su absoluta nihilidad, su primado sobre la
representación (empero la implicación mutua), y, finalmente, la identificación,
para el hombre, del sujeto del conocimiento con el sujeto del querer. El segundo
capítulo estudia la pulsión, concepto metapsicológico caracterizado por su
ingente voracidad y su arraigo somático: la pulsión activa y mantiene en
movimiento la vida psíquica impulsándola hacia la constante búsqueda de
objetos (contingentes) susceptibles de satisfacerla. Finalmente, señalamos
parentescos y distancias referidas al nivel teórico (metafísica y metapsicología),
alcances y limitaciones (el mundo y la vida psíquica).
The present research proposes a comparative analysis between the concept of “Will” (der Wille) by Arthur Schopenhauer and the concept of “Drive” (der Trieb) by Sigmund Freud. The relationship between both concepts has been little studied. There are studies that indicate close relationships between “Will” and several psychoanalytical concepts (sexuality, unconscious, it), but are limited in the discussion of the “Will”. Vertical and systematic descriptions of “Will” and “Drive” are made before pointing out similarities and differences. Each concept is revised in detail in order to identify the key connections and differences. The first chapter develops the Will, highlighting its important features: its fundamental schism with itself, its absolute nihility, its primacy on the representation (however the mutual implication), and finally, the identification, for man, from the subject of knowledge to the subject of love. Then the Drive is examined in terms of the greed and somatic roots: the drive activates and keeps moving toward propelling the mental life, constantly searching for objects that might satisfy it. Finally, relationships and distances are pointed in reference to the theoretical level (metaphysics and metapsychology), scope and limitations (the world and the psychic life.).
The present research proposes a comparative analysis between the concept of “Will” (der Wille) by Arthur Schopenhauer and the concept of “Drive” (der Trieb) by Sigmund Freud. The relationship between both concepts has been little studied. There are studies that indicate close relationships between “Will” and several psychoanalytical concepts (sexuality, unconscious, it), but are limited in the discussion of the “Will”. Vertical and systematic descriptions of “Will” and “Drive” are made before pointing out similarities and differences. Each concept is revised in detail in order to identify the key connections and differences. The first chapter develops the Will, highlighting its important features: its fundamental schism with itself, its absolute nihility, its primacy on the representation (however the mutual implication), and finally, the identification, for man, from the subject of knowledge to the subject of love. Then the Drive is examined in terms of the greed and somatic roots: the drive activates and keeps moving toward propelling the mental life, constantly searching for objects that might satisfy it. Finally, relationships and distances are pointed in reference to the theoretical level (metaphysics and metapsychology), scope and limitations (the world and the psychic life.).
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Voluntad (Filosofía), Psicoanálisis, Energía psíquica (Psicoanálisis), Freud, Sigmund, 1856-1939--Crítica e interpretación, Schopenhauer, Arthur, 1788-1860--Crítica e interpretación, Motivación (Psicología)
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