Noción y funcionamiento de las cláusulas backto-back en los subcontratos de construcción
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2021-01-11
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Hoy en día no resulta infrecuente que los contratistas generales de construcción busquen gobernar las relaciones jurídicas con algunos de sus subcontratistas mediante términos y condiciones back-to-back. Los principios que canalizan este tipo de operaciones no cuentan con un desarrollo lógico-conceptual unívoco. Por ende, sus alcances dependen siempre de la intensidad que, en uso de su autonomía privada, le confieran los privados a la redacción particular de cada subcontrato. Pese a ello, actualmente es posible vislumbrar un mínimo común que describe la columna vertebral de este tipo de operaciones. En el presente trabajo, que forma parte de una investigación más extensa en curso, nos referiremos a la mencionada estructura elemental de las operaciones constructivas back-to-back, a la cual describiremos valiéndonos de tres principios en los que aquella se desglosa y que orientan su desenvolvimiento: el principio de “contrato espejo”, el principio de “adecuación” y el principio de “condicionamiento en cascada”. A tales efectos, evaluaremos cómo se aplican estos principios en las transacciones complejas llevadas a cabo en nuestro país. Con ocasión a ello, y por resultar absolutamente pertinente, exploraremos los desarrollos del back-to-back en los modelos del civil law, del common law y de las Conditions of Subcontract for Plant and Design-Build de FIDIC (2019).
Nowadays, it is not uncommon for general contractors to seek to govern their legal relationships with some of their subcontractors through back-to-back provisions. The principles that guide this type of agreements do not have a univocal logical-conceptual development, so their scope always depends on the intensity that, by virtue of their freedom of contract, the parties assign to the particular drafting of each subcontract. Despite this, it is currently possible to realize that there is a common minimum ground that describes the backbone of this kind of agreement. In the present article, which is part of a more extensive study in progress, we will refer to the aforementioned basic structure of backto-back construction agreements. We will describe these agreements using three principles in which they could be broken down and which guide their development (the principle of “mirror contract”, the principle of “adequacy”, and the principle of “waterfall conditioning”). For this purpose, we will evaluate how these principles are applied in complex transactions carried out in our country. In this context, and because it is absolutely relevant, we will explore the developments of back-to-back in the models of civil law, common law and the FIDIC’s Conditions of Subcontract for Plant and Design-Build (2019).
Nowadays, it is not uncommon for general contractors to seek to govern their legal relationships with some of their subcontractors through back-to-back provisions. The principles that guide this type of agreements do not have a univocal logical-conceptual development, so their scope always depends on the intensity that, by virtue of their freedom of contract, the parties assign to the particular drafting of each subcontract. Despite this, it is currently possible to realize that there is a common minimum ground that describes the backbone of this kind of agreement. In the present article, which is part of a more extensive study in progress, we will refer to the aforementioned basic structure of backto-back construction agreements. We will describe these agreements using three principles in which they could be broken down and which guide their development (the principle of “mirror contract”, the principle of “adequacy”, and the principle of “waterfall conditioning”). For this purpose, we will evaluate how these principles are applied in complex transactions carried out in our country. In this context, and because it is absolutely relevant, we will explore the developments of back-to-back in the models of civil law, common law and the FIDIC’s Conditions of Subcontract for Plant and Design-Build (2019).
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Contratos de construcción, Contratos back-to-back, Cláusula back-to-back, Cláusula paywhen-paid, App
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