Employment and deadweight loss effects of observed non-wage labor costs
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Date
2007
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía
Abstract
Para evaluar el efecto de los costos laborales sobre el empleo es crucial tener estimaciones confiables de la elasticidad costo laboral de la demanda de trabajo. Usándose una base de datos emparejados a nivel de firmas y trabajador, estimamos una función de demanda no condicionada de trabajo de largo plazo, explotando información sobre trabajadores para corregir la endogeneidad en la determinación de los salarios. Evaluamos los efectos sobre el empleo y la pérdida de eficiencia social de los valores observados de las aportaciones de los empleadores impuestas por la legislación laboral (seguro de salud, capacitación e impuestos) así como de las deducciones a los trabajadores (seguridad social e impuesto a la renta). Encontramos que los costos laborales no salariales reducen el empleo en 17% para los empleados y en 53% para los obreros, con pérdidas de eficiencia social asociadas de 10% y 35% del total de la recaudación, respectivamente. Desde que muchas firmas subcumplen con las aportaciones y descuentos legales, encontramos que el cumplimiento de la ley implicaría una pérdida de 4% de empleo en el caso de los empleados y de 12% para el caso de obreros, con una respectiva pérdida de eficiencia social de 2% y 6%.
To assess the employment effects of labor costs it is crucial to have reliable estimates of the labor cost elasticity of labor demand. Using a matched firm-worker dataset, we estimate a long run unconditional labor demand function, exploiting information on workers to correct for endogeneity in the determination of wages. We evaluate the employment and deadweight loss effects of observed employers’ contributions imposed by labor laws (health insurance, training, and taxes) as well as of observed workers’ deductions (social security and income tax). We find that non-wage labor costs reduce employment by 17% for white-collars and by 53% for blue-collars, with associated deadweight losses of 10% and 35% of total contributions, respectively. Since most firms undercomply with mandated employers’ and workers contributions, we find that full compliance would imply employment losses of 4% for white-collars and 12% for blue-collars, with respective associated deadweight losses of 2% and 6%.
To assess the employment effects of labor costs it is crucial to have reliable estimates of the labor cost elasticity of labor demand. Using a matched firm-worker dataset, we estimate a long run unconditional labor demand function, exploiting information on workers to correct for endogeneity in the determination of wages. We evaluate the employment and deadweight loss effects of observed employers’ contributions imposed by labor laws (health insurance, training, and taxes) as well as of observed workers’ deductions (social security and income tax). We find that non-wage labor costs reduce employment by 17% for white-collars and by 53% for blue-collars, with associated deadweight losses of 10% and 35% of total contributions, respectively. Since most firms undercomply with mandated employers’ and workers contributions, we find that full compliance would imply employment losses of 4% for white-collars and 12% for blue-collars, with respective associated deadweight losses of 2% and 6%.
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Costo de mano de obra, Costo de mano de obra--Perú, Empleo
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