Dimensiones estratégicas para evaluar la efectividad de la Evaluación del Impacto Ambiental, bajo la legislación ambiental peruana
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2021-11-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP)
Resumen
A treinta años de su implantación en la legislación nacional del Perú, la Evaluación del Impacto Ambiental (EIA) ha sido revisada con la finalidad de determinar qué indicadores podrían emplearse para evaluar su efectividad. Fueron analizadas fuentes de información sobre la calidad y efectividad de la EIA para el uso sostenible de recursos naturales, logrando un modelo conceptual de cadena de valor para la gestión por resultados desde la administración pública, identificando los insumos y las actividades para ofrecer un servicio de certificación ambiental que resulte específicamente en el uso sostenible de recursos naturales, y contribuya al goce de un ambiente equilibrado y adecuado al desarrollo de la vida. De la revisión efectuada a los trabajos de Chanchitpricha y Bond (2013), Bond et al. (2015) y Pope et al. (2018), entre otros, se distinguen seis dimensiones que permiten evaluar la efectividad de la EIA, referido al uso sostenible de los recursos naturales, que son: i) normativa, alcanzando las metas establecidas en las políticas; ii) participativa, involucrando de forma segura y confiable a las partes interesadas; iii) organizacional, facilitando la gestión del conocimiento sobre la EIA como herramienta de la gestión ambiental; iv) transaccional, gestionando de forma eficiente los recursos en la ejecución de la EIA, como tiempo, financieros, alcance o requisitos y habilidades del personal; v) procedimental, debido a un marco procedimental coherente y fiable; y vi) sustantiva, debido a la eficacia de la decisión tomada por la autoridad competente respecto de la viabilidad ambiental del proyecto sometido a la EIA. El trabajo es una contribución a mayores estudios sobre la efectividad de la EIA en el abordaje de los problemas ambientales y sociales que actualmente enfrentamos, y las posibles tendencias a presentarse en las futuras décadas.
30 years after its implementation in the national legislation of Peru, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been revised in order to determine which indicators could be used to evaluate its effectiveness. Sources of information on the quality and effectiveness of the EIA for the sustainable use of natural resources were analyzed, achieving a conceptual model of a value chain for results-based management from the public administration, identifying the inputs and activities to offer a service of environmental certification that specifically results in the sustainable use of natural resources, and contributes to the enjoyment of a balanced and adequate environment for the development of life. From the review made to Chanchitpricha and Bond (2013), Bond et al. (2015) and Pope et al. (2018), among others, we distinguish six (06) dimensions that allow evaluating the effectiveness of the EIA, referring to the sustainable use of natural resources, which are: i) normative, reaching the goals established in the policies; ii) participatory, safely and reliably involving stakeholders; iii) organizational, facilitating the management of knowledge about EIA as a tool for environmental management; iv) transactional, efficiently managing resources in the execution of the EIA, such as time, finances, scope or requirements and personnel skills; v) procedural, due to a consistent and reliable procedural framework; and, vi) substantive, due to the effectiveness of the decision made by the competent authority regarding the environmental viability of the project submitted to the EIA. This paper is a contribution to further studies on the effectiveness of EIA in addressing the environmental and social problems that we currently face, and the possible trends to appear in future decades.
30 years after its implementation in the national legislation of Peru, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been revised in order to determine which indicators could be used to evaluate its effectiveness. Sources of information on the quality and effectiveness of the EIA for the sustainable use of natural resources were analyzed, achieving a conceptual model of a value chain for results-based management from the public administration, identifying the inputs and activities to offer a service of environmental certification that specifically results in the sustainable use of natural resources, and contributes to the enjoyment of a balanced and adequate environment for the development of life. From the review made to Chanchitpricha and Bond (2013), Bond et al. (2015) and Pope et al. (2018), among others, we distinguish six (06) dimensions that allow evaluating the effectiveness of the EIA, referring to the sustainable use of natural resources, which are: i) normative, reaching the goals established in the policies; ii) participatory, safely and reliably involving stakeholders; iii) organizational, facilitating the management of knowledge about EIA as a tool for environmental management; iv) transactional, efficiently managing resources in the execution of the EIA, such as time, finances, scope or requirements and personnel skills; v) procedural, due to a consistent and reliable procedural framework; and, vi) substantive, due to the effectiveness of the decision made by the competent authority regarding the environmental viability of the project submitted to the EIA. This paper is a contribution to further studies on the effectiveness of EIA in addressing the environmental and social problems that we currently face, and the possible trends to appear in future decades.
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Evaluación del impacto ambiental, Sostenibilidad, Efectividad, Gestión por resultados, Gestión pública, Perú, Environmental impact assessment, Sustainability, Effectiveness, Management by results, Public management, Peru
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item.page.endorsement
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