Bases motivacionales del prejuicio a inmigrantes venezolanos en el Perú
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2019-11-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la relación entre las dimensiones
ideológicas de autoritarismo de derecha y orientación de la dominancia social y las
actitudes hacia los inmigrantes venezolanos en una muestra de ciudadanos peruanos. Para
tal fin, se estudiaron los niveles de autoritarismo y dominancia de los participantes de la
muestra. Se utilizó el prejuicio frente a los venezolanos como un disparador cognitivo
que permitió estudiar las bases motivacionales subyacentes a este proceso migratorio. 139
peruanos entre los 18 y 65 años respondieron escalas psicométricas que midieron
información relevante a los objetivos. Los resultados muestran que existía una relación
entre ideología autoritaria y prejuicios frente a los migrantes, justificadas como
reacciones necesarias para preservar al endogrupo peruano. La relación entre el
estereotipia positiva de los peruanos se relacionaba directamente con una valoración
positiva de los venezolanos. Finalmente, la relación entre las escalas ideológicas y la
estereotipia permitió esbozar las estructuras de las actitudes hacia los migrantes. Así
comprendiendo, desde la motivación primaria, hasta la elaboración cognitiva de lo que
definimos como ideología y actitudes frente a los migrantes. Estos resultados aportan
evidencia a favor de la teoría del procesamiento dual del prejuicio y la definición de
ideología propuesta por Helkama et al. (1992) en una muestra peruana.
The present study looked to explore the relationship between ideological dimensions of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation and attitudes towards Venezuelan migrants in a sample of Peruvian citizens. For that purpose, levels of authoritarianism and dominance in the sample where studied. Prejudice against Venezuelans was used as a cognitive trigger that allowed to study the underlying motivational bases that shape this migration process. 139 Peruvians between the ages of 18 and 65 answered psychometric scales that surveyed relevant information for the study’s objectives. The results show that there was a relationship between authoritarian ideology and prejudice towards migrants, justified as necessary reactions for the Peruvian in-group’s own survival. Peruvian’s own positive stereotypes of themselves directly correlated with a positive valuation of Venezuelan migrants. Lastly, the relationship between the ideological scales and stereotyping allowed the comprehension of the structures that shape attitudes toward migrants. Thus understanding, from a primary motivation, to the cognitive elaboration of what we define as ideology and attitudes toward migrants. These results provide evidence in favor of the Dual process model of prejudice theory and the proposed definition of ideology (Helkama et al., 1992) in a Peruvian context.
The present study looked to explore the relationship between ideological dimensions of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation and attitudes towards Venezuelan migrants in a sample of Peruvian citizens. For that purpose, levels of authoritarianism and dominance in the sample where studied. Prejudice against Venezuelans was used as a cognitive trigger that allowed to study the underlying motivational bases that shape this migration process. 139 Peruvians between the ages of 18 and 65 answered psychometric scales that surveyed relevant information for the study’s objectives. The results show that there was a relationship between authoritarian ideology and prejudice towards migrants, justified as necessary reactions for the Peruvian in-group’s own survival. Peruvian’s own positive stereotypes of themselves directly correlated with a positive valuation of Venezuelan migrants. Lastly, the relationship between the ideological scales and stereotyping allowed the comprehension of the structures that shape attitudes toward migrants. Thus understanding, from a primary motivation, to the cognitive elaboration of what we define as ideology and attitudes toward migrants. These results provide evidence in favor of the Dual process model of prejudice theory and the proposed definition of ideology (Helkama et al., 1992) in a Peruvian context.
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Ideología política--Aspectos psicológicos, Prejuicios--Aspectos psicológicos, Migración internacional--Venezuela
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