Ideología y su influencia en la evaluación de estímulos artísticos abstractos y no abstractos
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2022-09-26
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente estudio explora la relación entre Autoritarismo de Ala Derecha (RWA), la Apertura
a la Experiencia, la Necesidad de Cierre Cognitivo, la Intolerancia a la Ambigüedad, y la valoración de piezas artísticas abstractas y no abstractas. Para tal fin, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de tipo correlacional (N=200) que analizó las relaciones entre las variables descritas y
sus diferencias de acuerdo con la auto identificación de los participantes en un continuo de
izquierda-derecha, el nivel de religiosidad auto reportado, y la edad. Losresultados indican que
todas las escalas aplicadas guardan estrecha relación, excepto aquella de Autoritarismo de Ala
Derecha (RWA) con la de Apertura a la Experiencia (O); y que la correlación de mayor intensidad se encontró entre las escalas de Intolerancia a la Ambigüedad y la de Necesidad de Cierre
Cognitivo. Sobre su relación con las piezas de arte, la correlación más alta fue aquella entre la
Apertura a la Experiencia y el arte Complejo (C) (directa), seguida de la Intolerancia a la Ambigüedad y el Arte Abstracto (A) (inversa), ambas significativas. En esa línea, las categorías
de arte Abstracto y Complejo-Abstracto mostraron correlaciones significativas e inversas con
las cuatro variables actitudinales (salvo con Apertura a la Experiencia, la cual fue directa), así
como con el nivel de Religiosidad reportado. Un clúster que agrupó las variables actitudinales
bajo Conservadurismo Político mostró diferencias significativas entre sus niveles “alto” y
“bajo” en la valoración de las piezas artísticas en todas las categorías de arte menos con la
“Complejo-Representacional”. Como conclusión, la presente investigación comprueba su hipótesis y demuestra una relación inversa entre una tendencia ideológica conservadora y la valoración de piezas de arte abstracto, relación que se evidenció no solo hacia estímulos artísticos
abstractos, sino hacia estímulos artísticos en general.
The present study explores the relationship between Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA), Openness to Experience, Need for Cognitive Closure, Intolerance to Ambiguity, and the valuation of abstract and non-abstract artistic pieces. To this end, a correlational quantitative study was carried out (N = 200) to analyze the relationships between the described variables and their differences according to the self-identification of the participants in a left-right continuum, their level of self-reported religiosity, and age. The results indicate that all the scales applied are closely related, except that of Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) with Openness to Experience (O); and that the strongest correlation was found between the Intolerance to Ambiguity and the Need for Cognitive Closure scales. Regarding its relationship with art pieces, the highest correlation was between Openness to Experiencie and Complex (C) art (direct), followed by Ambiguity to Intolerance and Abstract Art (A) (inverse), both significant. Furthermore, the Abstract and Complex-Abstract art categories showed significant and inverse correlations with the four attitudinal variables (except with Openness to Experience, which was direct), as well as with the reported level of Religiosity. A cluster that grouped the attitudinal variables under Political Conservatism showed significant differences between its "high" and "low" levels regarding the valuation of artistic pieces in all art categories except the "Representational-Complex". To conclude, this investigation confirms its hypothesis as it shows an inverse relationship between a conservative ideological tendency and the valuation of abstract art pieces, relation that is also present not only towards abstract artistic stimuli, but artistic stimuli in general.
The present study explores the relationship between Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA), Openness to Experience, Need for Cognitive Closure, Intolerance to Ambiguity, and the valuation of abstract and non-abstract artistic pieces. To this end, a correlational quantitative study was carried out (N = 200) to analyze the relationships between the described variables and their differences according to the self-identification of the participants in a left-right continuum, their level of self-reported religiosity, and age. The results indicate that all the scales applied are closely related, except that of Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) with Openness to Experience (O); and that the strongest correlation was found between the Intolerance to Ambiguity and the Need for Cognitive Closure scales. Regarding its relationship with art pieces, the highest correlation was between Openness to Experiencie and Complex (C) art (direct), followed by Ambiguity to Intolerance and Abstract Art (A) (inverse), both significant. Furthermore, the Abstract and Complex-Abstract art categories showed significant and inverse correlations with the four attitudinal variables (except with Openness to Experience, which was direct), as well as with the reported level of Religiosity. A cluster that grouped the attitudinal variables under Political Conservatism showed significant differences between its "high" and "low" levels regarding the valuation of artistic pieces in all art categories except the "Representational-Complex". To conclude, this investigation confirms its hypothesis as it shows an inverse relationship between a conservative ideological tendency and the valuation of abstract art pieces, relation that is also present not only towards abstract artistic stimuli, but artistic stimuli in general.
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Autoritarismo, Experiencia, Personalidad, Arte abstracto
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