Facultad disciplinaria del Estado empleador: De lo razonable y discrecional a la actuación arbitraria de las autoridades sancionadoras en el procedimiento administrativo disciplinario
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2022-04-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El procedimiento administrativo disciplinario contiene diversas aristas, entre ellas, las
formalidades propias de su tramitación, la compleja determinación de responsabilidades,
y la identificación e imposición de sanciones, cada una de ellas dignas de estudio y
análisis. Pero es justamente en este último aspecto que el presente trabajo se ha centrado,
siendo una investigación explicativa, busca analizar, a través de un panorama general, la
actuación de aquellas autoridades constituidas como sancionadoras, ofreciendo además
una crítica para aquellas que, empleando criterios arbitrarios, imponen sanciones
carentes de motivación que no soportan el mínimo análisis de razonabilidad,
desarrollando en el camino conceptos básicos e indispensables para entender el
procedimiento administrativo disciplinario, tales como los principios rectores del
accionar administrativo, el actuar discrecional de las autoridades competentes y la
arbitrariedad en la toma de decisiones. El presente trabajo de investigación resalta la
importancia de emplear criterios de razonabilidad para la determinación de las sanciones,
tomando en cuenta para ello cada una de las pautas y supuestos establecidos por la ley,
decisión que debe ser debidamente motivada por la autoridad a cargo, dentro del margen
de libertad que la norma le ha concedido. Esto se denominará discrecionalidad, la misma
que por su propia naturaleza descarta el accionar arbitrario de las autoridades
disciplinarias.
The disciplinary administrative procedure contains various aspects, among them, the formalities of its processing, the complex determination of responsibilities, and the identification and imposition of sanctions, each of them worthy of study and analysis. But it is precisely on this last aspect that the present study has focused, being an explanatory research, it seeks to analyze, through a general panorama, the performance of those authorities constituted as sanctioners, also offering a criticism for those who, using arbitrary criteria , impose unmotivated sanctions that do not support the minimum analysis of reasonableness, developing basic and essential concepts to understand the disciplinary administrative procedure, such as the guiding principles of administrative action, the discretionary action of the competent authorities and arbitrariness in the taking of decisions. This research highlights the importance of using reasonableness criteria to determine sanctions, taking into account each of the guidelines and assumptions established by law, a decision that must be duly motivated by the authority in charge, within the margin of freedom that the norm has granted him. This will be called discretion, which by its very nature rules out the arbitrary action of the disciplinary authorities.
The disciplinary administrative procedure contains various aspects, among them, the formalities of its processing, the complex determination of responsibilities, and the identification and imposition of sanctions, each of them worthy of study and analysis. But it is precisely on this last aspect that the present study has focused, being an explanatory research, it seeks to analyze, through a general panorama, the performance of those authorities constituted as sanctioners, also offering a criticism for those who, using arbitrary criteria , impose unmotivated sanctions that do not support the minimum analysis of reasonableness, developing basic and essential concepts to understand the disciplinary administrative procedure, such as the guiding principles of administrative action, the discretionary action of the competent authorities and arbitrariness in the taking of decisions. This research highlights the importance of using reasonableness criteria to determine sanctions, taking into account each of the guidelines and assumptions established by law, a decision that must be duly motivated by the authority in charge, within the margin of freedom that the norm has granted him. This will be called discretion, which by its very nature rules out the arbitrary action of the disciplinary authorities.
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Sanciones administrativas--Perú, Procedimiento administrativo--Perú, Funcionarios públicos--Disciplina--Perú, Poder discrecional
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