Culturas juveniles contemporáneas y espacios públicos urbanos: etnografía sobre consumidores de marihuana del parque Prolongación Paseo de la República, distrito de Santiago de Surco, Lima Metropolitana
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Date
2023-10-30
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente es una etnografía hecha en la capital de Lima entre los años 2018-2022
que trata sobre jóvenes usuarios de marihuana y su presencia dentro de un espacio
público redimensionado, es decir, compuesto por el e-p-caminable y el ciberreal.
La investigación inició dentro del parque Prolongación Paseo de la República –lugar
dónde los jóvenes acostumbran fumar, ubicado en el distrito Santiago de Surco–, no
obstante, la coyuntura desenvuelta de la crisis pandémica influenció para reflexionar
sobre los espacios compartidos. De modo que termine envergando ciertos estilos de
identidades cannábicas –tanto desde una visión pragmática como coherente con las
circunstancias contemporáneas– que confluyen dentro de la red social Instagram, con
el soporte teórico que me ofreció la ciberantropología: ligando ambos espacios.
El planteamiento del problema de investigación se tradujo en la pregunta ¿Cómo la
microcultura juvenil cannábica entiende, práctica y se posiciona discursivamente con
respecto al uso de marihuana en espacios compartidos? Los datos analizados salen
del registro etnográfico híbrido –presencia, observación, conversaciones informales,
entrevistas semi-estructuradas y grupo focal–. Procesé los datos cualitativos a partir
de un conjunto de metodologías complementarias que desembocaron en el Análisis
Situacional de Adele Clarke y una consideración ética desde la autoetnografía.
Entre las principales conclusiones se corrobora una contestación afirmativa hacia la
prevalencia del uso de marihuana y tendencias sociales que se fortalecen a favor del
consumo de concentrados cannábicos en ciertos estilos de culturas juveniles. Sobre
la situación de quienes componen el tejido social local –rotulado con el nombre de
Chorriweed: los que fuman dentro del espacio compartido “caminable”– se evidencia
una construcción identitaria que es inocua y útil para hacer frente a la vida adulta. Por
último, también se recalca la importancia de una discusión reflexiva en torno al
consumismo de la planta, el cual en la realidad cotidiana viene siendo avalado por la
industria cannábica norteamericana, la que pretende maximizar sus ganancias.
This is an ethnography made in the capital of Lima between the years 2018-2022 that deals with young marijuana users and their presence within a resized public space, that is, composed of the e-p-walkable and the cyberreal. The investigation began within the Prolongación Paseo de la República park – a place where young people tend to smoke, located in the Santiago de Surco district – however, the unwrapped situation of the pandemic crisis influenced the reflection on shared spaces. So that it ends up spreading certain styles of cannabis identities –both from a pragmatic vision and coherent with contemporary circumstances– that come together within the Instagram social network, with the theoretical support that offered me cyberanthropology: linking both spaces. The approach to the research problem was translated into the question: How cannabic youth microculture understand, practice and position itself discursively regarding the use of marijuana in shared spaces? The data analyzed comes from the hybrid ethnographic record –presence, observation, informal conversations, semi-structured interviews and focus group–. I processed the qualitative data from a set of complementary methodologies that led to Adele Clarke's Situational Analysis and an ethical consideration from autoethnography. Among the main conclusions, an affirmative response to the prevalence of marijuana use and social trends that are strengthened in favor of the consumption of cannabis concentrates in certain styles of youth cultures are corroborated. In the situation of those who make up the local social weave –labeled with the name of Chorriweed: youths who smoke within the “walkable” shared space– is evidenced by an identity construction, that is innocuous and useful to face adult life. Lastly, the importance of a thoughtful discussion about the consumerism of the plant is also emphasized that in daily reality it has been endorsed by the northern cannabis industry, which seeks to maximize its profits.
This is an ethnography made in the capital of Lima between the years 2018-2022 that deals with young marijuana users and their presence within a resized public space, that is, composed of the e-p-walkable and the cyberreal. The investigation began within the Prolongación Paseo de la República park – a place where young people tend to smoke, located in the Santiago de Surco district – however, the unwrapped situation of the pandemic crisis influenced the reflection on shared spaces. So that it ends up spreading certain styles of cannabis identities –both from a pragmatic vision and coherent with contemporary circumstances– that come together within the Instagram social network, with the theoretical support that offered me cyberanthropology: linking both spaces. The approach to the research problem was translated into the question: How cannabic youth microculture understand, practice and position itself discursively regarding the use of marijuana in shared spaces? The data analyzed comes from the hybrid ethnographic record –presence, observation, informal conversations, semi-structured interviews and focus group–. I processed the qualitative data from a set of complementary methodologies that led to Adele Clarke's Situational Analysis and an ethical consideration from autoethnography. Among the main conclusions, an affirmative response to the prevalence of marijuana use and social trends that are strengthened in favor of the consumption of cannabis concentrates in certain styles of youth cultures are corroborated. In the situation of those who make up the local social weave –labeled with the name of Chorriweed: youths who smoke within the “walkable” shared space– is evidenced by an identity construction, that is innocuous and useful to face adult life. Lastly, the importance of a thoughtful discussion about the consumerism of the plant is also emphasized that in daily reality it has been endorsed by the northern cannabis industry, which seeks to maximize its profits.
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Keywords
Marihuana--Perú--Santiago de Surco (Lima : Distrito), Juventud--Consumo de drogas--Perú--Santiago de Surco (Lima : Distrito), Espacios públicos--Perú--Santiago de Surco (Lima : Distrito), Redes sociales--Perú--Santiago de Surco (Lima : Distrito), Antropología urbana--Perú--Santiago de Surco (Lima : Distrito)
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