El efecto de la inclusión financiera sobre la pobreza en el Perú 2010-2019
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2024-08-29
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Este estudio analiza el impacto de la inclusión financiera en la pobreza en el Perú
a nivel regional. Siguiendo la metodología de Sarma (2010), se utiliza un índice
multidimensional que abarca tres dimensiones de la inclusión financiera: profundidad
bancaria, disponibilidad de servicios bancarios y uso del sistema bancario. Este es
uno de los primeros estudios que incorpora un enfoque multidimensional para evaluar
el efecto de la inclusión financiera en la pobreza en el Perú a nivel regional.
Directamente, el uso de servicios financieros puede reducir la pobreza mediante el
empoderamiento económico y social; indirectamente, la inclusión financiera puede
contribuir a la reducción de la pobreza al impulsar el crecimiento económico. Basado
en esto, la hipótesis del estudio propone que la inclusión financiera tiene un impacto
negativo y significativo en el nivel de pobreza. Para verificar esta hipótesis, se
consideran diferentes medidas de pobreza monetaria y multidimensional, utilizando
un panel balanceado con datos de las 25 regiones del Perú, incluida la provincia
constitucional del Callao, durante el periodo de 2010-2019. Se estima un modelo de
datos de panel mediante efectos fijos, encontrando que la inclusión financiera tiene un
impacto negativo en la pobreza de los hogares peruanos.
This research work studies the impact of financial inclusion on the poverty level in Peru at the regional level. Following Sarma (2010), a multidimensional index is used to measure financial inclusion, which captures information on its three dimensions: banking penetration, availability of banking services, and usage of the banking system. This is one of the first works that incorporates the multidimensional approach to evaluate the effect of financial inclusion on poverty in Peru at the regional level. Directly, the use of financial services can reduce poverty due to economic and social empowerment; indirectly, financial inclusion can have a positive impact on poverty reduction through the economic growth that it can drive. Taking this into account, the hypothesis of this research postulates that financial inclusion has a negative and significant impact on the level of poverty. To do this, different measures of monetary and multidimensional poverty are considered. In addition, we work with a balanced panel that contains data from the 25 regions of Peru, including the constitutional province of Callao, during the period 2010-2019. A panel model is estimated using fixed effects and it is found that financial inclusion has a negative impact on the poverty of Peruvian households.
This research work studies the impact of financial inclusion on the poverty level in Peru at the regional level. Following Sarma (2010), a multidimensional index is used to measure financial inclusion, which captures information on its three dimensions: banking penetration, availability of banking services, and usage of the banking system. This is one of the first works that incorporates the multidimensional approach to evaluate the effect of financial inclusion on poverty in Peru at the regional level. Directly, the use of financial services can reduce poverty due to economic and social empowerment; indirectly, financial inclusion can have a positive impact on poverty reduction through the economic growth that it can drive. Taking this into account, the hypothesis of this research postulates that financial inclusion has a negative and significant impact on the level of poverty. To do this, different measures of monetary and multidimensional poverty are considered. In addition, we work with a balanced panel that contains data from the 25 regions of Peru, including the constitutional province of Callao, during the period 2010-2019. A panel model is estimated using fixed effects and it is found that financial inclusion has a negative impact on the poverty of Peruvian households.
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Keywords
Industria de servicios financieros--Perú, Pobreza--Perú, Familias--Perú, Análisis de datos de panel
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