Estudio de caso de un niño de 10 años con dificultades específicas en la lectura y escritura
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2021-06-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La lectura y escritura son instrumentos importantes para adquirir un aprendizaje, están presentes en todos
los aspectos de nuestra vida y son herramientas primordiales para desarrollar procesos y niveles cada vez
más complejos. Dichas habilidades son invenciones culturales que deben ser aprendidas de manera
explícita, pues no son inherentes al ser humano y su aprendizaje va más allá de la compresión de símbolos
y combinaciones, por ende, es fundamental el conocimiento adecuado de su uso. Actualmente, en las
escuelas encontramos alumnos que presentan dificultades en lectura y escritura, por lo cual es fundamental
desde las edades tempranas fomentar el aprendizaje de la lecto-escritura, así como el gusto y hábito por
la misma; no teniendo que ser igual en todos los casos. El objetivo del presente estudio de caso es diseñar
un plan de evaluación e intervención sistemático y estructurado; que se perfila en función a las necesidades
que presenta un niño de 10 años con dificultades especificas del aprendizaje en la lectura a nivel de
reconocimiento de la palabra, así como en la escritura a nivel de la corrección ortográfica de la misma. Al
observar dificultades en los procesos de bajo nivel, éstos afectan la lectura y escritura situándolos por
debajo de los esperado a la edad cronológica y grado, pues ya debería tenerlos consolidados. Al ser una
intervención focalizada, se aprecian resultados favorables en la lectura de palabras por ambas rutas (visual
y fonológica); así como en la automatización del mecanismo de conversión grafema-fonema, y un mejor
dominio de la escritura correcta de las palabras con su representación ortográfica visual. Concluimos que
el proceso de intervención basada en evidencias científicas, con un trabajo organizado y metódico al perfil
de aprendizaje, permitió observar avances significativos en el niño con relación a las dificultades
manifestadas en la lectura y escritura.
Reading and writing are important instruments for acquiring learning, they are present in all aspects of our life and are essential tools to develop increasingly complex processes and levels. These skills are cultural inventions that must be learned explicitly, since they are not inherent to the human being and their learning goes beyond the compression of symbols and combinations, therefore, adequate knowledge of their use is essential. Nowadays, in schools we find students who have difficulties in reading and writing, for which it is essential from an early age to promote the learning of reading and writing, as well as the liking and habit for it; not having to be the same in all cases. The objective of this case study is to design a systematic and structured evaluation and intervention plan; that is outlined according to the needs of a 10-year-old child with specific learning difficulties in reading at the level of word recognition, as well as in writing at the level of spelling correction. When observing difficulties in the low-level processes, they affect reading and writing, placing them below those expected at the chronological age and grade, since they should already have them consolidated. As it is a focused intervention, favorable results are seen in the reading of words by both routes (visual and phonological); as well as in the automation of the grapheme-phoneme conversion mechanism, and a better command of the correct spelling of words with their visual orthographic representation. We conclude that the intervention process based on scientific evidence, with an organized and methodical work on the learning profile, allowed us to observe significant advances in the child in relation to the difficulties manifested in reading and writing.
Reading and writing are important instruments for acquiring learning, they are present in all aspects of our life and are essential tools to develop increasingly complex processes and levels. These skills are cultural inventions that must be learned explicitly, since they are not inherent to the human being and their learning goes beyond the compression of symbols and combinations, therefore, adequate knowledge of their use is essential. Nowadays, in schools we find students who have difficulties in reading and writing, for which it is essential from an early age to promote the learning of reading and writing, as well as the liking and habit for it; not having to be the same in all cases. The objective of this case study is to design a systematic and structured evaluation and intervention plan; that is outlined according to the needs of a 10-year-old child with specific learning difficulties in reading at the level of word recognition, as well as in writing at the level of spelling correction. When observing difficulties in the low-level processes, they affect reading and writing, placing them below those expected at the chronological age and grade, since they should already have them consolidated. As it is a focused intervention, favorable results are seen in the reading of words by both routes (visual and phonological); as well as in the automation of the grapheme-phoneme conversion mechanism, and a better command of the correct spelling of words with their visual orthographic representation. We conclude that the intervention process based on scientific evidence, with an organized and methodical work on the learning profile, allowed us to observe significant advances in the child in relation to the difficulties manifested in reading and writing.
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Trastornos del aprendizaje en niños (Educación), Lectura--Estudio y enseñanza (Primaria), Escritura--Estudio y enseñanza (Primaria)