Precios y nivel de actividad económica en una economía abierta: la oferta y la demanda agregada con tipo de cambio flexible
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2004
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía
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En este trabajo presentamos el análisis conjunto de la oferta y la demanda agregada bajo un régimen de tipo de cambio flexible, para el corto, el mediano y el largo plazo, en un contexto de perfecta movilidad de capitales. Este modelo de oferta y demanda agregada, determina el nivel de precios y la producción, dado un conjunto de variables exógenas. En el corto plazo, la oferta agregada es perfectamente elástica, la demanda determina el nivel de producción y el nivel de precios es exógeno. En el mediano plazo, el nivel de actividad económica y el tipo de cambio ejercen una influencia sobre el nivel de precios, por tanto la oferta agregada es de pendiente positiva y tiene como parámetro el tipo de cambio; y las variaciones en la demanda agregada afectan a precios y cantidades. En el largo plazo, la oferta agregada es perfectamente inelástica y los cambios en la demanda agregada afectan sólo al nivel de precios, no al nivel de actividad económica; esta depende exclusivamente de factores de oferta. Finalmente, se endogenizarán los precios esperados, para estudiar la dinámica de ajuste hacia el equilibrio del estado estacionario, ante los distintos shocks de oferta y demanda.
In this paper we present the combined analysis of the offer and the demand added under a regime of flexible exchange rate, for the short, the medium and the long term, in a context of perfect mobility of capitals. This model of supply and demand aggregate, determined the level of prices and the production, given a set of exogenous variables. In the short term, the aggregate supply is perfectly elastic, the demand determines the production level and the level of prices is exogenous. In the medium term, the level of economic activity and the exchange rate exercise an influence on the level of prices, therefore the aggregate supply is of positive slope and it has as parameter the exchange rate; and the variations in the aggregate demand affect to prices and quantities. In the long term, the aggregate supply is perfectly inelastic and the changes in the aggregate demand only affect at the level of prices, not at the level of economic activity; this it depends exclusively on supply factors. Finally, the expected prices will be endogenization, to study the adjustment dynamics toward the balance of the stationary state, before the different shocks of supply and demand.
In this paper we present the combined analysis of the offer and the demand added under a regime of flexible exchange rate, for the short, the medium and the long term, in a context of perfect mobility of capitals. This model of supply and demand aggregate, determined the level of prices and the production, given a set of exogenous variables. In the short term, the aggregate supply is perfectly elastic, the demand determines the production level and the level of prices is exogenous. In the medium term, the level of economic activity and the exchange rate exercise an influence on the level of prices, therefore the aggregate supply is of positive slope and it has as parameter the exchange rate; and the variations in the aggregate demand affect to prices and quantities. In the long term, the aggregate supply is perfectly inelastic and the changes in the aggregate demand only affect at the level of prices, not at the level of economic activity; this it depends exclusively on supply factors. Finally, the expected prices will be endogenization, to study the adjustment dynamics toward the balance of the stationary state, before the different shocks of supply and demand.
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Oferta y demanda, Precios, Tipo de cambio
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