Conservación del puma andino (Puma concolor) a través de una propuesta de corredor ecológico frente a la fragmentación de su hábitat en el distrito de Olmos, provincia y departamento de Lambayeque
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2024-01-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El puma andino (Puma concolor) posee funciones ecológicas muy importantes en
los ecosistemas en que habita como mantener el equilibrio ecológico y ser especie
paraguas. Aun así, se encuentra en estados de conservación negativos a distintas
escalas geográficas en el país. En el norte peruano, se debe a la deforestación y la
expansión de la frontera agrícola, que han originado cambios en el uso del suelo.
Este estudio abarca el distrito de Olmos, Lambayeque, con el objetivo de
identificar las áreas con mayor aptitud de hábitat para la distribución de Puma
concolor y modelar un corredor ecológico para su conservación. La importancia
del tema recae en los efectos de las dinámicas humanas en el hábitat de la especie
y, con ello, analizar qué medidas de conservación se pueden proponer para
lograr el desarrollo sostenible de ambas partes y mejorar su interacción. Los
resultados se obtienen mediante teledetección (clasificaciones supervisadas)
entre 2016 hasta el 2022, superposición de variables y modelamiento con
CorridorDesigner. Estos se analizan mediante tres bases teóricas: ecología del
paisaje, biología de la conservación y la ecología de Puma concolor. En síntesis,
hay reducción de la cobertura vegetal natural y aumento de la agricultura, que
suele introducirse en el bosque seco, fragmentándolo. Los cambios de uso de
suelo y la menor disponibilidad de cobertura natural terminan por situar a la
especie en áreas críticas. Por ende, el objetivo final es modelar un corredor
ecológico para conservar a Puma concolor, en el que se identifica su ruta de menor
coste y tres puntos críticos.
The Andean puma (Puma concolor) has very important ecological functions in the ecosystems in which it lives, such as maintaining the ecological balance and being an umbrella species. Even so, it is in a negative state of conservation at different geographic scales in the country. In northern Peru, this is due to deforestation and the expansion of the agricultural frontier, which have caused changes in land use. This study covers the district of Olmos, Lambayeque, with the objective of identifying the areas with the greatest habitat suitability for the distribution of Puma concolor and modeling an ecological corridor for its conservation. The importance of the subject lies in the effects of human dynamics on the habitat of the species and, with this, to analyze what conservation measures can be proposed to achieve sustainable development of both parties and improve their interaction. The results are obtained by remote sensing (supervised classifications) between 2016 and 2022, superimposition of variables and modeling with CorridorDesigner. These are analyzed using three theoretical bases: landscape ecology, conservation biology and the ecology of Puma concolor. In summary, there is a reduction in natural vegetation cover and an increase in agriculture, which tends to be introduced into the dry forest, fragmenting it. Changes in land use and the reduced availability of natural cover end up placing the species in critical areas. Therefore, the final objective is to model an ecological corridor to conserve Puma concolor, identifying its cost distance and three critical points.
The Andean puma (Puma concolor) has very important ecological functions in the ecosystems in which it lives, such as maintaining the ecological balance and being an umbrella species. Even so, it is in a negative state of conservation at different geographic scales in the country. In northern Peru, this is due to deforestation and the expansion of the agricultural frontier, which have caused changes in land use. This study covers the district of Olmos, Lambayeque, with the objective of identifying the areas with the greatest habitat suitability for the distribution of Puma concolor and modeling an ecological corridor for its conservation. The importance of the subject lies in the effects of human dynamics on the habitat of the species and, with this, to analyze what conservation measures can be proposed to achieve sustainable development of both parties and improve their interaction. The results are obtained by remote sensing (supervised classifications) between 2016 and 2022, superimposition of variables and modeling with CorridorDesigner. These are analyzed using three theoretical bases: landscape ecology, conservation biology and the ecology of Puma concolor. In summary, there is a reduction in natural vegetation cover and an increase in agriculture, which tends to be introduced into the dry forest, fragmenting it. Changes in land use and the reduced availability of natural cover end up placing the species in critical areas. Therefore, the final objective is to model an ecological corridor to conserve Puma concolor, identifying its cost distance and three critical points.
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Puma--Perú--Olmos (Lambayeque : Distrito), Puma--Conservación, Deforestación--Perú--Olmos (Lambayeque : Distrito), Geografía de suelos, Ecología del paisaje--Perú--Olmos (Lambayeque : Distrito)
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