Reconstrucción desde los hogares ¿un Estado ausente?: estrategias de adaptación tras el desastre socionatural en Cura Mori, Piura entre 2017-2019
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2022-03-07
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La Gestión del Riesgo del Desastre - GRD históricamente se enfoca en la reducción de la
vulnerabilidad física a través de la construcción de infraestructuras de prevención y
Sistemas de Alerta Temprana - SAT; entendiéndose el desastre como un fenómeno
netamente natural. Sin embargo, la manera como se construyen los territorios desde la
forma de ocupar o habitar un espacio son factores que no son naturales, sino
completamente sociales y económicos que determinan la construcción del riesgo del
desastre y sus efectos. En ese sentido, es de gran utilidad analizar los desastres con el
enfoque de la construcción social desde la vulnerabilidad social y la percepción. Sobre
todo, en una etapa donde sobresalen la vulnerabilidad y capacidad de adaptación de las
poblaciones afectadas por un desastre como en la reconstrucción.
El objetivo general de esta investigación es analizar las estrategias de adaptación que
contribuyen con la reducción de la vulnerabilidad social de la población afectada por el
Fenómeno El Niño Costero 2017 en el distrito de Cura Mori y en la mejora de las políticas
públicas en la GRD. Considerando el perfil de acceso a recursos y la percepción del riesgo
y sus experiencias cotidianas post desastre de los hogares afectados. Teniendo en cuenta
que Cura Mori es un distrito de alto riesgo a inundaciones, las cuales han interrumpido su
desarrollo repetidas veces, sumado al análisis de los resultados de las encuestas y
entrevistas se puede afirmar que los hogares y comunidades del distrito desarrollan
estrategias para afrontar el desastre y volver a sus condiciones de vida previas al desastre,
pero que no son suficientes para reducir el riesgo de desastres. Por eso, urge entender la
reconstrucción y la gestión del riesgo de desastre en general como un proceso social
basado en derechos fundamentales, que incluya el enfoque de género.
Disaster Risk Management-DRM historically focuses on reducing physical vulnerability through the construction of prevention infrastructures and Early Warning Systems, understanding the disaster as a natural phenomenon. However, the way in which territories are built from the way of occupying or inhabiting a space are factors that are not natural, but completely social and economic that determine the construction of the disaster risk and its effects. In this sense, it is useful to analyze disasters with the approach of social construction from social vulnerability and perception. Especially in a stage where the vulnerability and adaptability of populations affected by a disaster stand out, such as reconstruction. The central purpose of the research is to analyze the adaptation strategies that reduce the social vulnerability of the population affected by El Niño Costero 2017 in Cura Mori district and improve DRM policies. According to the profile of access to resources and the perception of risk and their daily post-disaster experiences of the affected households. Considering that Cura Mori is a district at high risk of floods, which have repeatedly interrupted its development, added to the analysis of the results of the surveys and interviews, it can be affirmed that the households and communities of the district develop strategies to cope with the disaster and return to their pre-disaster living conditions, but which are not sufficient to reduce disaster risk. Therefore, it is urgent to understand reconstruction and disaster risk management, in general, as a social process based on fundamental rights, which includes a gender perspective
Disaster Risk Management-DRM historically focuses on reducing physical vulnerability through the construction of prevention infrastructures and Early Warning Systems, understanding the disaster as a natural phenomenon. However, the way in which territories are built from the way of occupying or inhabiting a space are factors that are not natural, but completely social and economic that determine the construction of the disaster risk and its effects. In this sense, it is useful to analyze disasters with the approach of social construction from social vulnerability and perception. Especially in a stage where the vulnerability and adaptability of populations affected by a disaster stand out, such as reconstruction. The central purpose of the research is to analyze the adaptation strategies that reduce the social vulnerability of the population affected by El Niño Costero 2017 in Cura Mori district and improve DRM policies. According to the profile of access to resources and the perception of risk and their daily post-disaster experiences of the affected households. Considering that Cura Mori is a district at high risk of floods, which have repeatedly interrupted its development, added to the analysis of the results of the surveys and interviews, it can be affirmed that the households and communities of the district develop strategies to cope with the disaster and return to their pre-disaster living conditions, but which are not sufficient to reduce disaster risk. Therefore, it is urgent to understand reconstruction and disaster risk management, in general, as a social process based on fundamental rights, which includes a gender perspective
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Desastres naturales--Prevención, Desastres naturales--Perú--Piura, Inundaciones--Perú--Piura, Corriente El Niño--Perú--Piura
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