De 1859 a 2010: el debate sobre la discutida estrofa del himno nacional: "largo tiempo..."
Date
2014
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto Riva Agüero
Abstract
En el Catecismo Patriótico preparado por Francisco de Paula Gonzales Vigil en 1859, aparece la primera evidencia escrita de unos versos anónimos que poco después de creado el himno nacional del Perú en 1821 se habían incorporado como primera estrofa, y que sustituyó a la del texto original de José de la Torre Ugarte, por casi 200 años. A fines del XIXy el XX comenzaron a aparecer argumentos para excluirla: su antihispanismo, el silencio sobre rebeliones y revoluciones coloniales y el derecho de autor de Torre Ugarte. Se comparan los temas y lenguaje de la estrofa apócrifa con los de otras canciones nacionales de Hispanoamérica de su tiempo, advirtiendo la completa similitud entre todos. En realidad,el debate se centró entre un texto original y otro procedente de la tradición popular. Se concluye con la decisión del Tribunal Constitucional y las disposiciones complementarias entre 2005 y 2010 que ubicaron al final la estrofa apócrifa y ordenaron sustituirla por otra de Torre Ugarte.
In the Catecismo Patriótico by Gonzales Vigil in 1859, written evidence was found for the first time of the anonymous verses that substituted, for almost 200 years, Torre Ugarte’s first stanza of Peru’s national anthem, just shortly after it was created in 1821. Arguments to exclude it appeared in the late 19th century and 20th: it was anti-Hispanic, silenced rebellions and colonial revolutions and went against Torre Ugarte’s author rights. Comparisonis made of the themes and language of the apocrypha verses with other national HispanicAmerican songs of the period, finding complete similarity in all of them. The debate centered in the original text and the one from popular tradition. The conclusion comes with the Constitutional Tribunal’s decision and complementary dispositions from 2005 to 2010, to locate the anonymous stanza at the end, and substitute it with one by Torre Ugarte.
In the Catecismo Patriótico by Gonzales Vigil in 1859, written evidence was found for the first time of the anonymous verses that substituted, for almost 200 years, Torre Ugarte’s first stanza of Peru’s national anthem, just shortly after it was created in 1821. Arguments to exclude it appeared in the late 19th century and 20th: it was anti-Hispanic, silenced rebellions and colonial revolutions and went against Torre Ugarte’s author rights. Comparisonis made of the themes and language of the apocrypha verses with other national HispanicAmerican songs of the period, finding complete similarity in all of them. The debate centered in the original text and the one from popular tradition. The conclusion comes with the Constitutional Tribunal’s decision and complementary dispositions from 2005 to 2010, to locate the anonymous stanza at the end, and substitute it with one by Torre Ugarte.
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Keywords
Revistas generales, Historiografía—Revistas, Filosofía--Revistas, Gonzales Vigil, Torre Ugarte, Hispanic American Patriotic Songs, Hispanic American National Anthems, Hispanic American Independence.
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