Análisis financiero comparativo de la industria cementera en Colombia y Perú: el caso de Argos y Unacem
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Date
2017-07-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El cemento, polvo de color gris y textura fina que al ser mezclado con otros elementos
resulta en uno de los materiales más fuertes y resistentes existentes, es un elemento clave en la
industria de la construcción. Se encuentra presente en un sinnúmero de aplicaciones y usos
cotidianos que acompañan el crecimiento y desarrollo de las sociedades modernas. De acuerdo a
las últimas proyecciones disponibles, se espera un escenario favorable para la industria
cementera global en los próximos años, con una tasa de crecimiento anual media estable de más
de 9% para 2020, sustentada, entre otras razones, por la mayor demanda de proyectos
residenciales, producto del incremento del poder de compra en los mercados emergentes.
Con relación a los mercados de Perú y Colombia, se encuentran características muy
similares. Por un lado, las perspectivas de la industria en ambos países son también positivas,
impulsadas por los grandes proyectos de inversión estatales anunciados y en ejecución, a pesar
de algunos casos de denuncias por corrupción asociadas a una firma constructora brasileña. Por
otro lado, ambos presentan una situación de mercado oligopólico, con barreras a la entrada y
altas inversiones iniciales. Respecto de las empresas elegidas, ambas son líderes en sus
respectivos mercados.
De esta manera, el presente estudio se divide en cuatro capítulos. En el Capítulo I, se
muestra un análisis de la industria cementera a nivel global y en los países de Perú y Colombia,
conjuntamente con las principales tendencias del sector. En el Capítulo II, se desarrolla el
análisis financiero de Argos y UNACEM, incluyendo una sección de análisis comparativo de la
estructura óptima de capital y riesgos, y otra sección que muestra el análisis del capital de
trabajo. El Capítulo III está enfocado en el análisis de valor de las empresas, que incluye la
descripción de los inputs de valor, la valorización y los ejercicios de sensibilidad mediante
escenarios probabilísticos. Asimismo, se incluye una serie de propuestas de reestructuración
empresarial, asociadas al crecimiento orgánico e inorgánico, y a la compra de activos y pasivos.
Finalmente, el Capítulo IV muestra los principales hallazgos del presente estudio, y se divide en
una sección de conclusiones y otra de recomendaciones.
Cement, gray powder and fine texture that when mixed with other elements results in one of the strongest and resistant materials available worldwide, is a key element in the construction industry. Present in a myriad of applications and everyday uses, it accompanies the development of modern societies. According to latest forecastings, it is expected a favorable scenario to the global cement industry for the coming years, with a stable average annual growth rate of more than 9% by 2020, supported, among other reasons, by the increased demand for residential projects, as a result of major purchasing power in emerging markets. In relation to Peru and Colombia, very similar characteristics were founded. First, the prospects of the industry in both countries are positive, driven by the commitment of large state investment projects, despite some cases of corruption allegations associated with a Brazilian firm. On the other hand, both countries present oligopolistic market structure, with high entry barriers and initial investments. Also, the companies selected for analysis in this study, are leaders in their markets. The study is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 presents an analysis of the global cement industry, including Peru and Colombia, along with the main sector trends. Chapter 2, presents the financial analysis of Argos and UNACEM, including a comparative analysis section about optimal capital and risk structure, and another about working capital analysis. Chapter 3 focuses on business value analysis, which includes the description of input values, valuation, and sensitivity exercises with probabilistic scenarios. It also includes business restructuring proposals, associated with organic and inorganic growth, and assets and liabilities purchases. Finally, Chapter 4 shows the main findings of the study, with a section of conclusions and another section of recommendations
Cement, gray powder and fine texture that when mixed with other elements results in one of the strongest and resistant materials available worldwide, is a key element in the construction industry. Present in a myriad of applications and everyday uses, it accompanies the development of modern societies. According to latest forecastings, it is expected a favorable scenario to the global cement industry for the coming years, with a stable average annual growth rate of more than 9% by 2020, supported, among other reasons, by the increased demand for residential projects, as a result of major purchasing power in emerging markets. In relation to Peru and Colombia, very similar characteristics were founded. First, the prospects of the industry in both countries are positive, driven by the commitment of large state investment projects, despite some cases of corruption allegations associated with a Brazilian firm. On the other hand, both countries present oligopolistic market structure, with high entry barriers and initial investments. Also, the companies selected for analysis in this study, are leaders in their markets. The study is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 presents an analysis of the global cement industry, including Peru and Colombia, along with the main sector trends. Chapter 2, presents the financial analysis of Argos and UNACEM, including a comparative analysis section about optimal capital and risk structure, and another about working capital analysis. Chapter 3 focuses on business value analysis, which includes the description of input values, valuation, and sensitivity exercises with probabilistic scenarios. It also includes business restructuring proposals, associated with organic and inorganic growth, and assets and liabilities purchases. Finally, Chapter 4 shows the main findings of the study, with a section of conclusions and another section of recommendations
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Cemento -- Industria y comercio -- Perú, Cemento -- Industria y comercio -- Colombia
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