Análisis de la vulnerabilidad ante el riesgo de inundaciones en el centro poblado de Catacaos, distrito de Catacaos, región de Piura, en el marco de los desastres generados por El Niño Costero 2017
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2022-02-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Bajo el enfoque de Gestión del Riesgo de Desastre (GRD), la presente investigación
examina el problema de las inundaciones asociadas a los eventos de El Niño. Se ha
seleccionado al centro poblado de Catacaos como área de estudio, debido a que es una
zona constantemente afectada por la salida del río Piura. Además, pese a la existencia de
un marco legal e institucional de la GRD en el Perú, los habitantes de Catacaos aún sufren
la gravedad de los impactos asociados a este evento, por lo que resulta cuestionable la
actual aplicación de este enfoque de gestión. Este proyecto de investigación utiliza una
metodología cualitativa que incluye el muestreo de bola de nieve y el método de recojo
de información de entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Dichas entrevistas han sido codificadas
y sistematizadas, con el objetivo de analizar la vulnerabilidad en el centro poblado de
Catacaos para un mejor entendimiento de la magnitud del impacto de las inundaciones,
en el contexto de El Niño Costero 2017. El impacto diferenciado de este evento sobre la
población se explica por los factores de vulnerabilidad y las sinergias que surgen entre
ellos, pues supone una mayor intensificación del riesgo. Sobre la base de la identificación
de los factores de vulnerabilidad se priorizan las medidas preventivas de reducción de las
mismas, incluyendo las que garantizan una protección inmediata, como las que atienden
aspectos más complejos de vulnerabilidad. Los hallazgos comprobados de una mejor
gestión del riesgo basada en la atención a las vulnerabilidades y la valoración del trabajo
concertado entre actores para la toma de decisiones instan a plantear la necesidad de
fortalecer una gestión local del riesgo en el área de estudio. Solo así es posible aspirar a
la conversión de las vulnerabilidades en capacidades y a la construcción futura de una
comunidad resiliente al riesgo.
Under the Disaster Risk Management (DRM) approach, this thesis explores the problem of floods associated with El Niño events. Catacaos has been selected as the study area, because it is an area frequently affected by the outflow of the Piura River. Furthermore, despite the existence of a legal and institutional framework for DRM in Peru, Catacaos residents still suffer from serious impacts associated with these events, casting doubt on the current application of this management approach. This research project applies a qualitative methodology that includes snowball sampling and the method of collecting information from semi-structured interviews. Said interviews have been coded and systematized, in order to analyze vulnerability in Catacaos and thus better understand the magnitude of flood impacts, with specific reference to the 2017 coastal El Niño event. The differentiated impact of this event on the population is explained by the vulnerability factors and the synergies that arise between them, since it implies a greater intensification of the risk. Based on the identification of the different aspects of vulnerability, preventive measures to reduce vulnerability are prioritized, including those that provide immediate protection, such as those that address more complex aspects of vulnerability. The proven results of a better risk management based on attention to vulnerabilities and the prioritization of concerted cooperation between decision makers, call for raising the need to strengthen local risk management in the study area. Only in this way is it possible to aspire to convert vulnerabilities into capacities and to build a community resilient to future risk.
Under the Disaster Risk Management (DRM) approach, this thesis explores the problem of floods associated with El Niño events. Catacaos has been selected as the study area, because it is an area frequently affected by the outflow of the Piura River. Furthermore, despite the existence of a legal and institutional framework for DRM in Peru, Catacaos residents still suffer from serious impacts associated with these events, casting doubt on the current application of this management approach. This research project applies a qualitative methodology that includes snowball sampling and the method of collecting information from semi-structured interviews. Said interviews have been coded and systematized, in order to analyze vulnerability in Catacaos and thus better understand the magnitude of flood impacts, with specific reference to the 2017 coastal El Niño event. The differentiated impact of this event on the population is explained by the vulnerability factors and the synergies that arise between them, since it implies a greater intensification of the risk. Based on the identification of the different aspects of vulnerability, preventive measures to reduce vulnerability are prioritized, including those that provide immediate protection, such as those that address more complex aspects of vulnerability. The proven results of a better risk management based on attention to vulnerabilities and the prioritization of concerted cooperation between decision makers, call for raising the need to strengthen local risk management in the study area. Only in this way is it possible to aspire to convert vulnerabilities into capacities and to build a community resilient to future risk.
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Desastres naturales--Prevención--Perú--Catacaos (Piura : Distrito), Gestión de riesgos--Perú--Catacaos (Piura : Distrito), Corriente El Niño--Perú--Catacaos (Piura : Distrito)
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