Trayectoria académica y desempeño profesional: un estudio sobre mujeres peruanas de tecnologías de la información
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Date
2023-03-20
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En el Perú, menos del 1% de mujeres egresa de carreras de Tecnologías de la
Información (TI). Las investigaciones muestran que la participación de las mujeres en
este campo continúa decreciendo desde hace 25 años. No obstante, el campo laboral
presenta una tendencia vertiginosa a generar puestos de trabajo relacionados a las
TI que ofrecen perspectivas profesionales y económicas atractivas.
El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la relación entre la trayectoria
académica y el desempeño profesional de las mujeres profesionales de TI mediante
una investigación mixta secuencial de dos etapas. La primera etapa cualitativa incluyó
cinco entrevistas a profundidad para caracterizar la trayectoria académica y el
desempeño profesional. En la segunda etapa cuantitativa se diseñó un instrumento
de 81 ítems, el cual se aplicó a 250 mujeres; y, mediante modelamiento de ecuaciones
estructurales, se verificó la aplicabilidad del modelo de investigación planteado. El
principal hallazgo de este estudio indicó que el modelo de investigación es adecuado
para explicar la relación entre la trayectoria académica y el desempeño profesional
de las mujeres profesionales de TI con índices de ajuste adecuados
2 (38) = 59.7, p
= .014, CFI = .902, RMSEA = .048, SRMR = .051. Se evidencia que las mujeres
profesionales de TI poseen un perfil particular caracterizado por un rendimiento
académico superior y rasgos de personalidad basados en la escrupulosidad y
estabilidad emocional, atributos importantes para transitar por entornos académicos
donde representan una minoría. Asimismo, las prácticas preprofesionales les
permiten desarrollar competencias generales que favorecen su desempeño
profesional.
In Peru, less than 1% of women graduate from Information Technology (IT) careers. Research shows that women's participation in this field has continued to decline for the last 25 years. However, the occupational field presents a vertiginous trend to generate IT-related jobs that offer attractive professional and economic prospects. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between the academic trajectory and the professional performance of women IT professionals through a two-stage sequential mixed investigation. The first qualitative stage included five in-depth interviews to characterize the academic trajectory and professional performance. In the second quantitative stage, an 81-item instrument was designed, which was applied to 250 women; and, through structural equation modeling, the applicability of the proposed research model was verified. The main finding of this study indicated that the proposed model is adequate to explain the relationship between the academic trajectory and professional performance of women IT professionals with adequate fit indices 2 (38) = 59.7, p = .014, CFI = .902, RMSEA = .048, SRMR = .051. The results show that women IT professionals have a particular profile characterized by superior academic performance and personality traits based on conscientiousness and emotional stability, important attributes to transit through academic environments where they represent a minority. Likewise, the internships allow them to develop general skills that favor their professional performance.
In Peru, less than 1% of women graduate from Information Technology (IT) careers. Research shows that women's participation in this field has continued to decline for the last 25 years. However, the occupational field presents a vertiginous trend to generate IT-related jobs that offer attractive professional and economic prospects. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between the academic trajectory and the professional performance of women IT professionals through a two-stage sequential mixed investigation. The first qualitative stage included five in-depth interviews to characterize the academic trajectory and professional performance. In the second quantitative stage, an 81-item instrument was designed, which was applied to 250 women; and, through structural equation modeling, the applicability of the proposed research model was verified. The main finding of this study indicated that the proposed model is adequate to explain the relationship between the academic trajectory and professional performance of women IT professionals with adequate fit indices 2 (38) = 59.7, p = .014, CFI = .902, RMSEA = .048, SRMR = .051. The results show that women IT professionals have a particular profile characterized by superior academic performance and personality traits based on conscientiousness and emotional stability, important attributes to transit through academic environments where they represent a minority. Likewise, the internships allow them to develop general skills that favor their professional performance.
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Keywords
Educación superior--Perú, Mujeres--Perú, Mujeres y tecnología, Género, Tecnología de la información
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