El impacto de las esterilizaciones forzadas en la identidad de las mujeres sobrevivientes en el Perú (1996-2000)
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2024-05-31
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo explorar el impacto de las esterilizaciones
forzadas en la identidad de las mujeres víctimas del Programa Nacional de Salud
Reproductiva y Planificación Familiar (PNSRPF) durante el gobierno de Alberto Fujimori
(1996-2000). Se planteó como objetivos específicos abordar la representación de las mujeres
como víctimas, conocer el impacto de las esterilizaciones forzadas en la salud integral y
describir los procesos de resiliencia y crecimiento postraumático en las mujeres. Para lograr
ello, se optó por una metodología cualitativa y se trabajó la información bajo el enfoque de
análisis temático deductivo. Se realizaron entrevistas a cinco mujeres que fueron víctimas de
esterilizaciones forzadas y se identificaron temas para inferir resultados que permitieron la
interpretación del fenómeno de estudio. Con base a los resultados encontrados, se puede
concluir que las esterilizaciones forzadas han obstaculizado los procesos normativos de
desarrollo biológico, emocional y social de las mujeres. El proceso de recuperación ha
permitido a las mujeres, a través de los procesos de afrontamiento y crecimiento posterior a
la violencia, afrontar las “crisis” del desarrollo y reducir los efectos adversos de la experiencia
traumática. Las mujeres se representan, de manera colectiva, actualmente como
sobrevivientes, término que asocian con la fortaleza y empoderamiento. Ellas continúan
siendo víctimas, más no “víctimas ideales”, merecedoras de justicia y reparación. Todo ello
permite concluir que las esterilizaciones forzadas impactaron significativamente en las
identidades de las mujeres sobrevivientes, al transformar la perspectiva que ellas tenían de
sí mismas, del mundo y de sus proyectos de vida.
The present research aimed to explore the impact of forced sterilizations on the identity of women victims of the National Program of Reproductive Health and Family Planning (NPRHFP) during the government of Alberto Fujimori (1996-2000). The specific objectives were to address the representation of women as victims, understand the impact of forced sterilizations on overall health, and describe the processes of resilience and posttraumatic growth in women. To achieve this, a qualitative methodology was chosen, and the information was analyzed using a deductive thematic analysis approach. Interviews were conducted with five women who were victims of forced sterilizations, and themes were identified to infer results that allowed the interpretation of the phenomenon under study. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that forced sterilizations have hindered the normative processes of biological, emotional, and social development of women. The recovery process has enabled women to face the "crises" of development and reduce the adverse effects of the traumatic experience through coping mechanisms and post-violence growth. Women collectively represent themselves as survivors, a term they associate with strength and empowerment. They continue to be victims, but not "ideal victims”, deserving justice and reparation. All of this leads to the conclusion that forced sterilizations have significantly impacted the identities of women survivors by transforming their perspective of themselves, the world, and their life projects.
The present research aimed to explore the impact of forced sterilizations on the identity of women victims of the National Program of Reproductive Health and Family Planning (NPRHFP) during the government of Alberto Fujimori (1996-2000). The specific objectives were to address the representation of women as victims, understand the impact of forced sterilizations on overall health, and describe the processes of resilience and posttraumatic growth in women. To achieve this, a qualitative methodology was chosen, and the information was analyzed using a deductive thematic analysis approach. Interviews were conducted with five women who were victims of forced sterilizations, and themes were identified to infer results that allowed the interpretation of the phenomenon under study. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that forced sterilizations have hindered the normative processes of biological, emotional, and social development of women. The recovery process has enabled women to face the "crises" of development and reduce the adverse effects of the traumatic experience through coping mechanisms and post-violence growth. Women collectively represent themselves as survivors, a term they associate with strength and empowerment. They continue to be victims, but not "ideal victims”, deserving justice and reparation. All of this leads to the conclusion that forced sterilizations have significantly impacted the identities of women survivors by transforming their perspective of themselves, the world, and their life projects.
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Esterilización involuntaria--Perú, Resiliencia
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