El rol del estigma y el autoestigma en la aceptación de diagnóstico de bipolaridad
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2024-01-24
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El propósito de este trabajo fue comprender el rol del estigma y el autoestigma en el proceso
de aceptación del diagnóstico de bipolaridad. Así, se propuso una investigación cualitativa a
partir de un marco epistemológico fenomenológico, con el fin de explorar las experiencias de
personas de Lima Metropolitana que contaban con el diagnóstico de bipolaridad. Para la
recolección de información se hicieron ocho entrevistas individuales a partir de una guía de
entrevista semiestructurada con cuatro ejes: proceso de diagnóstico, creencias de la bipolaridad,
creencias y actitudes del entorno frente al diagnóstico y, por último, las expectativas en relación
a la vida con el diagnóstico en el futuro. Para los resultados, se realizó un análisis temático con
el fin de poder identificar elementos comunes en las vivencias de los participantes. Como
principales conclusiones se encontró que el estigma y el autoestigma se encontraban presentes
en todas las etapas del proceso pero que determinados factores podrían incrementar o disminuir
la incidencia de la internalización. Asimismo, las creencias de los participantes y del entorno
sobre la bipolaridad evolucionaron a partir de las vivencias propias y de acompañamiento del
entorno. También se encontró que la aceptación del diagnóstico se encuentra relacionada a la
incorporación de la bipolaridad a la identidad. Adicionalmente, la internalización del estigma
fue un factor contribuyente más no determinante en la adherencia al tratamiento.
The aim of this study was to understand the role that stigma and self-stigma played in the diagnosis acceptance process of bipolar disorder. To achieve this, a qualitative methodology, along with a phenomenological epistemological framework was employed, in order to explore the experiences of people from Lima who had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Eight interviews were conducted based on a previously made and revised semi-structured interview guide around four themes: diagnosis process, beliefs about bipolar disorder, beliefs and attitudes of the environment regarding the diagnosis, and, lastly, expectations in relation to their life with the diagnosis in the future. A thematic analysis was used to identify common elements in the participants’ experiences. It was found that stigma and self-stigma were present in all stages of the acceptance process but that certain conditions facilitated or worked as a barrier against the happening of the latest. Likewise, the beliefs of the participants and those of the environment about bipolar disorder evolved, first from their own experiences with the condition and, later, from the accompaniment of their loved ones. It was also found that diagnosis acceptance was related to the incorporation of bipolar disorder into the participants’ identity. Additionally, the internalization of stigma was a contributing factor but not a determinant in adherence to treatment.
The aim of this study was to understand the role that stigma and self-stigma played in the diagnosis acceptance process of bipolar disorder. To achieve this, a qualitative methodology, along with a phenomenological epistemological framework was employed, in order to explore the experiences of people from Lima who had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Eight interviews were conducted based on a previously made and revised semi-structured interview guide around four themes: diagnosis process, beliefs about bipolar disorder, beliefs and attitudes of the environment regarding the diagnosis, and, lastly, expectations in relation to their life with the diagnosis in the future. A thematic analysis was used to identify common elements in the participants’ experiences. It was found that stigma and self-stigma were present in all stages of the acceptance process but that certain conditions facilitated or worked as a barrier against the happening of the latest. Likewise, the beliefs of the participants and those of the environment about bipolar disorder evolved, first from their own experiences with the condition and, later, from the accompaniment of their loved ones. It was also found that diagnosis acceptance was related to the incorporation of bipolar disorder into the participants’ identity. Additionally, the internalization of stigma was a contributing factor but not a determinant in adherence to treatment.
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Estigma (Psicología social), Trastorno bipolar--Diagnóstico
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