Índice de transparencia corporativa aplicado al sector microfinanciero
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Date
2019-12-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo la construcción de un Índice de
Transparencia Corporativa que pueda ser aplicado en el sector financiero y microfinanciero.
La propuesta se realiza tomando como base la metodología de la OCDE que establece las
pautas para diseñar y construir índices compuestos, considerando el uso de ponderaciones por
dimensión, factor y variable en base al juicio de expertos.
El Índice de Transparencia Corporativa propuesto mide el nivel de divulgación de
información por internet y cuenta con información estructurada para el sector microfinanciero
del Perú a través de seis dimensiones, 17 factores y 60 variables. Estas dimensiones explican
el concepto integral de la Transparencia Corporativa y evalúa el nivel de divulgación de
información de las organizaciones hacia sus principales grupos de interés.
Las seis dimensiones del ITC planteado son: legalidad, información financiera y
contable, información comercial, accesibilidad, integridad y credibilidad; las cuales fueron
diseñadas tomando como referencia modelos de transparencia corporativa aplicados al sector
financiero y validadas con el apoyo de expertos en el sector.
La validación de este índice se realizó seleccionando diferentes entidades
microfinancieras mediante un muestreo por cuotas, donde se establecieron cinco categorías:
cajas municipales de ahorro y crédito, financieras, EDPYMES, cajas rurales y un banco. Se
consideró un tamaño de muestra de 16 empresas, cuyos parámetros de selección establecen
elegir entidades con el mayor número de colocaciones por categoría, que se encuentran
económicamente activas y que mantienen dominio activo en sus páginas web.
Los resultados obtenidos muestran a la Financiera Confianza en la posición número
uno del ranking, ya que obtuvo 92 puntos porcentuales sobre un total de 100 en el ITC lo que
corresponde a un nivel de transparencia muy alto y la EDPYME BBVA Consumer Finance se
ubica en la última posición con 26 puntos porcentuales.
This research aims to build a Corporate Transparency Index that can be applied in the financial and microfinance sector. The proposal is made based on the OCDE methodology that sets the guidelines for designing and building composite indexes, considering the use of weights by dimension, factor and variable based on expert judgment. The proposed Corporate Transparency Index measures the level of information dissemination on the internet and has structured information for the microfinance sector in Peru through six dimensions, 17 factors and 60 variables. These dimensions explain the comprehensive concept of Corporate Transparency and assess the level of information dissemination of organizations to their main stakeholders. The six dimensions of the ITC proposed are: legality, financial and accounting information, commercial information, accessibility, integrity and credibility; which were designed based on corporate transparency models applied to the financial sector and validated with the support of experts in the sector. The validation of this index was carried out by selecting different microfinance entities through a sampling by quotas, where five categories were established: municipal savings and credit, financial, EDPYMES, rural savings banks and a bank. A sample size of 16 companies was considered, whose selection parameters establish entities with the highest number of placements by category, which are economically active and that maintain active dominance in their web pages. The results obtained show the Financial Trust in the number one position in the ranking, since it obtained 92 percentage points out of a total of 100 in the ITC, which corresponds to a very high level of transparency and the EDPYME BBVA Consumer Finance is located in the Last position with 26 percentage points.
This research aims to build a Corporate Transparency Index that can be applied in the financial and microfinance sector. The proposal is made based on the OCDE methodology that sets the guidelines for designing and building composite indexes, considering the use of weights by dimension, factor and variable based on expert judgment. The proposed Corporate Transparency Index measures the level of information dissemination on the internet and has structured information for the microfinance sector in Peru through six dimensions, 17 factors and 60 variables. These dimensions explain the comprehensive concept of Corporate Transparency and assess the level of information dissemination of organizations to their main stakeholders. The six dimensions of the ITC proposed are: legality, financial and accounting information, commercial information, accessibility, integrity and credibility; which were designed based on corporate transparency models applied to the financial sector and validated with the support of experts in the sector. The validation of this index was carried out by selecting different microfinance entities through a sampling by quotas, where five categories were established: municipal savings and credit, financial, EDPYMES, rural savings banks and a bank. A sample size of 16 companies was considered, whose selection parameters establish entities with the highest number of placements by category, which are economically active and that maintain active dominance in their web pages. The results obtained show the Financial Trust in the number one position in the ranking, since it obtained 92 percentage points out of a total of 100 in the ITC, which corresponds to a very high level of transparency and the EDPYME BBVA Consumer Finance is located in the Last position with 26 percentage points.
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Microfinanzas--Perú, Instituciones financieras--Perú, Transparencia corporativa--Perú
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