Medición del incumplimiento en el pago de la deuda en las empresas que cotizan en la bolsa de valores peruana: Modelo Black Scholes Merton desde un enfoque de opciones reales
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2020-12-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La probabilidad de incumplimiento en el pago de las obligaciones financieras y no
financieras, es un evento que puede afectar a toda empresa que requiere de financiamiento
de terceros para el desarrollo de sus actividades.
Esta situación afecta también a las empresas responsables de evaluar el nivel de
riesgo de que este evento se presente. En particular, puede afectar a las clasificadoras de
riesgo, impactando sobre la credibilidad que estas pueden tener al emitir los resultados de
su evaluación sobre el nivel de riesgo al que una empresa se encuentra expuesta de incurrir
en una cesación de pagos en sus obligaciones financieras y no financieras.
La presente investigación se desarrolló para estimar la probabilidad de
incumplimiento en el pago de las obligaciones financieras y no financieras de las empresas
peruanas que cotizan sus acciones en la Bolsa de Valores de Lima, mediante la aplicación
del modelo Black Scholes Merton desde un enfoque de opciones reales, así como para
evaluar el nivel de objetividad de las metodologías utilizadas por las clasificadoras de
riesgo para la determinación del riesgo de crédito, es decir, la probabilidad de
incumplimiento que dichas empresas presentan.
A fin de alcanzar los objetivos planteados, el desarrollo de esta investigación se basó
en conceptos del área de las finanzas, específicamente en los temas de opciones
financieras, opciones reales y riesgo de crédito.
La investigación describe, mediante un análisis cualitativo, las principales
características de las metodologías empleadas por las agencias clasificadoras de riesgo en
el Perú y, a través de un análisis cuantitativo, el impacto que tienen las variables
consideradas por el modelo Black Scholes Merton en la determinación de la probabilidad
de incumplimiento en el pago de deuda de las empresas que fueron analizadas.
The likelihood to default the repayment of their financial and non-financial obligations is an event that can affect every company requiring the financing from a third party in order to develop its activities. This situation also affects the agencies that are responsible to evaluate the level of risk that such an event can occur. In particular, it can harm the rating agencies by impacting on the credibility they carry when releasing the results of the evaluation on the risk a given company faces of defaulting its financial and non-financial obligations. This present research was conducted to estimate the likelihood of defaulting the financial and non-financial obligations in the Peruvian companies that trade their shares on the Lima Stock Exchange through the application of the Black Scholes Merton Model from the point of view of the real options approach, as well as to evaluate the level of objectivity of the methods that are being used by the rating agencies in the calculation of the creditworthiness, that is, the likelihood to default the aforementioned companies face. In order to reach the objectives outlined by the research, it was based on concepts of the finance area, specifically those related to the financial options, real options and creditworthiness. By means of a qualitative analysis, the research describes the main characteristics that are applied by the rating agencies in Peru, and through a quantitative analysis, the impact that the variables considered in the Black Scholes Merton Model have on the determination of the likelihood of defaulting the financial and non-financial obligations faced by the companies that were analyzed.
The likelihood to default the repayment of their financial and non-financial obligations is an event that can affect every company requiring the financing from a third party in order to develop its activities. This situation also affects the agencies that are responsible to evaluate the level of risk that such an event can occur. In particular, it can harm the rating agencies by impacting on the credibility they carry when releasing the results of the evaluation on the risk a given company faces of defaulting its financial and non-financial obligations. This present research was conducted to estimate the likelihood of defaulting the financial and non-financial obligations in the Peruvian companies that trade their shares on the Lima Stock Exchange through the application of the Black Scholes Merton Model from the point of view of the real options approach, as well as to evaluate the level of objectivity of the methods that are being used by the rating agencies in the calculation of the creditworthiness, that is, the likelihood to default the aforementioned companies face. In order to reach the objectives outlined by the research, it was based on concepts of the finance area, specifically those related to the financial options, real options and creditworthiness. By means of a qualitative analysis, the research describes the main characteristics that are applied by the rating agencies in Peru, and through a quantitative analysis, the impact that the variables considered in the Black Scholes Merton Model have on the determination of the likelihood of defaulting the financial and non-financial obligations faced by the companies that were analyzed.
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Administración financiera, Riesgo de crédito--Análisis, Bolsa de Valores de Lima