Concepciones de un grupo de docentes de secundaria sobre la enseñanza del pensamiento crítico en temas controversiales del área de CC.SS.
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2022-11-07, 2022-11-07
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El desarrollo del pensamiento crítico es esencial para la formación académica y ciudadana de
las y los estudiantes, motivo por el cual se ha vuelto un objetivo central de la educación
nacional e internacional. Es así que, en la actualidad, es imperante que las y los estudiantes
sean capaces de emitir juicios y realizar conductas que sean congruentes con las necesidades
de su realidad social. A pesar de ello, diversos estudios demuestran que las intenciones del
sistema educativo y sus docentes no siempre se traducen en aprendizajes reales. Por tanto, la
presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar y analizar las concepciones de docentes
de CC.SS. sobre la enseñanza del pensamiento crítico frente a temáticas controversiales. Los
resultados reafirman que las y los docentes reconocen la importancia de plantear una
pedagogía orientada al desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y la enseñanza de temas
controversiales y que, sin embargo, prevalecen las dificultades a nivel teórico y práctico. De
esta manera, en una situación de aula, su toma de decisiones evidencia un entendimiento
superficial del pensamiento crítico, los temas controversiales y su enseñanza. Por ello, este
trabajo plantea que es necesario implementar espacios de reflexión, formación y
acompañamiento continuos que permitan que las y los docentes reconozcan sus concepciones
y, a partir de ellas, oportunidades de mejora en su práctica docente.
The development of critical thinking is essential to the academic and civic education of students, the reason for which it has become one of the main objectives of national and international education. Consequently, nowadays, students need to be able to make judgments and perform actions that are congruent with the needs of their social environment. Despite this, several studies show that the intentions of the educational system and its teachers have not always translated into real learning outcomes. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify and analyze the conceptions of social sciences teachers on the teaching of critical thinking about controversial issues. The main results confirm that teachers recognise the importance of establishing a pedagogical practice oriented to the development of critical thinking and the teaching of controversial issues. However, their theoretical and practical difficulties prevail. Indeed, in a case about a teaching situation, their decision making showed a superficial understanding of critical thinking, controversial issues and their teaching. Hence, this investigation proposes that it is necessary to implement spaces for continuous teacher reflection, formation and accompaniment that allow teachers to recognise their conceptions and, through them, opportunities to improve their pedagogical practice.
The development of critical thinking is essential to the academic and civic education of students, the reason for which it has become one of the main objectives of national and international education. Consequently, nowadays, students need to be able to make judgments and perform actions that are congruent with the needs of their social environment. Despite this, several studies show that the intentions of the educational system and its teachers have not always translated into real learning outcomes. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify and analyze the conceptions of social sciences teachers on the teaching of critical thinking about controversial issues. The main results confirm that teachers recognise the importance of establishing a pedagogical practice oriented to the development of critical thinking and the teaching of controversial issues. However, their theoretical and practical difficulties prevail. Indeed, in a case about a teaching situation, their decision making showed a superficial understanding of critical thinking, controversial issues and their teaching. Hence, this investigation proposes that it is necessary to implement spaces for continuous teacher reflection, formation and accompaniment that allow teachers to recognise their conceptions and, through them, opportunities to improve their pedagogical practice.
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Educación secundaria--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Personal docente--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Ciencias sociales--Estudio y enseñanza
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