Mediciones del cambio estructural en el Perú: un análisis regional, 2002-2011
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2013
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía
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A pesar del alto crecimiento económico y significante reducción de la pobreza en el Perú de la última década, las tres medidas de ‘cambio estructural’ que aquí se presentan señalan que dicho cambio no ha sido significativo a nivel de regiones, particularmente para el grupo de regiones ‘pobres’. Este bajo nivel de cambio estructural es consistente, por un lado, con la casi inalterable estructura productiva de las regiones concentrada en productos primarios y servicios de baja productividad laboral, y de otro lado, con el pequeño decline (de 5 puntos porcentuales) de la participación de la fuerza laboral ocupada en actividades informales del total de la población económicamente activa ocupada entre el período 2002-2008 y el período 2011-2012. Si la meta del Perú y sus regiones es conseguir el desarrollo económico, el actual modelo a pesar de su crecimiento y disminuciones de la tasa de pobreza no serán suficientes para conseguir dicha meta. Para lograrla se requiere ‘cambios estructurales’ en producción y actividades informales de baja productividad tal que la enorme disparidad de la productividad laboral entre regiones, sectores y actividades formales-informales desaparezca con continuos y auto-sostenidos incrementos de sus respectivas productividades laborales.
Despite of the high rate of economic growth and significant reduction of the poverty rate in Peruvian economy in the last decade, the three estimated measures of structural change that this paper presents indicate that this change has not been significative in the regions of Peru, particularly for poor regions. This low level of structural change is consistent, on the one hand, with the near unchangeable productive structure concentrated on primary products and services of low labor productivity. On the other hand, with the small decline (of 5 percentages points) of the share of labor force employed in informal activities out of the total employed labor force between the 2002-2008 and 2011-2012 periods. If the goal of Peruvian economy and its regions is to reach the economic development, the present model with high economic growth and decline of poverty will not be sufficient to reach that goal. This will require structural changes in production and informal activities of low labor productivity in such a way that the high disparity in labor productivities of regions, sectors and activities vanish with continuous and auto-sustainable increases of their respective labor productivities.
Despite of the high rate of economic growth and significant reduction of the poverty rate in Peruvian economy in the last decade, the three estimated measures of structural change that this paper presents indicate that this change has not been significative in the regions of Peru, particularly for poor regions. This low level of structural change is consistent, on the one hand, with the near unchangeable productive structure concentrated on primary products and services of low labor productivity. On the other hand, with the small decline (of 5 percentages points) of the share of labor force employed in informal activities out of the total employed labor force between the 2002-2008 and 2011-2012 periods. If the goal of Peruvian economy and its regions is to reach the economic development, the present model with high economic growth and decline of poverty will not be sufficient to reach that goal. This will require structural changes in production and informal activities of low labor productivity in such a way that the high disparity in labor productivities of regions, sectors and activities vanish with continuous and auto-sustainable increases of their respective labor productivities.
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Cambio estructural, Productividad laboral
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