Educación personalizada basada en pre-diagnóstico para enfrentar la limitada oportunidad de desarrollo de aprendizajes de estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales asociadas a discapacidad matriculados en la EBR 2016-2019
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2021-09-15
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
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El Estado peruano, a través de diferentes acciones políticas ha intentado brindar
a la población con discapacidad el espacio que merece, un ejemplo de ello es la
inclusión educativa. Sin embargo, la obligatoriedad de aceptar estudiantes con esta
condición no garantiza procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje eficientes, así lo vienen
demostrando las evaluaciones nacionales realizadas los últimos cuatro años. Las
entrevistas a agentes intervinientes, revisión bibliográfica y análisis de documentos
ministeriales han evidenciado que el origen causal de la problemática descrita giraría en
torno a tres puntos clave: formación y capacitación docente, diagnóstico temprano, y
presupuesto exclusivo. A fin de contrarrestar la limitada oportunidad de desarrollo de los
logros de aprendizaje de esta comunidad estudiantil se presenta la propuesta de
innovación que atiende cada una de las causas descritas, privilegiando la equidad en el
proceso educativo, pues insiste en la necesidad de personalizar la atención pedagógica,
identificando oportunamente ciertas características personales que atendidas
diferenciadamente pueden incidir de manera positiva en la mejora de los niveles de
aprendizaje de la población menos favorecida. A fin de corroborar la factibilidad,
deseabilidad y viabilidad de la propuesta se entrevistaron a agentes del Ministerio de
Educación, gestores de escuelas representativas, denominadas Valora, y
representantes de padres de familia quienes validaron cada uno de ellos; pero, se ha de
señalar que su puesta en marcha requiere flexibilizar e incorporar cambios en la
organización del sistema educativo, pues actualmente la dirección de la inclusión de
estudiantes con discapacidad pertenece a una dirección distinta a la de su ejecución.
The Peruvian State, through different political actions, has tried to provide the disabled population with the space it deserves, an example of this is educational inclusion. However, the obligation to accept students with this condition does not guarantee efficient teaching-learning processes, as has been demonstrated by the national evaluations carried out in the last four years. Interviews with intervening agents, bibliographic review and analysis of ministerial documents have shown that the causal origin of the problem described would revolve around three key points: teacher education and training, early diagnosis, and exclusive budget. In order to counteract the limited opportunity to develop the learning achievements of this student community, an innovation proposal is presented that addresses each of the causes described, favoring equity in the educational process, as it insists on the need to personalize care pedagogical, identifying in a timely manner certain personal characteristics that can be taken care of differently can positively influence the improvement of the learning levels of the less favored population. In order to corroborate the feasibility, desirability and viability of the proposal, agents of the Ministry of Education, managers of representative schools, called Valora, and representatives of parents who validated each of them were interviewed; However, it must be pointed out that its implementation requires flexibility and incorporation of changes in the organization of the educational system, since currently the direction of the inclusion of students with disabilities belongs to a different direction from that of its execution.
The Peruvian State, through different political actions, has tried to provide the disabled population with the space it deserves, an example of this is educational inclusion. However, the obligation to accept students with this condition does not guarantee efficient teaching-learning processes, as has been demonstrated by the national evaluations carried out in the last four years. Interviews with intervening agents, bibliographic review and analysis of ministerial documents have shown that the causal origin of the problem described would revolve around three key points: teacher education and training, early diagnosis, and exclusive budget. In order to counteract the limited opportunity to develop the learning achievements of this student community, an innovation proposal is presented that addresses each of the causes described, favoring equity in the educational process, as it insists on the need to personalize care pedagogical, identifying in a timely manner certain personal characteristics that can be taken care of differently can positively influence the improvement of the learning levels of the less favored population. In order to corroborate the feasibility, desirability and viability of the proposal, agents of the Ministry of Education, managers of representative schools, called Valora, and representatives of parents who validated each of them were interviewed; However, it must be pointed out that its implementation requires flexibility and incorporation of changes in the organization of the educational system, since currently the direction of the inclusion of students with disabilities belongs to a different direction from that of its execution.
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Personas con discapacidad--Política gubernamental--Perú, Personas con discapacidad--Aspectos educativos--Perú, Personas con discapacidad--Igualdad de oportunidades--Perú
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