Avances en la detección, diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino en el Perú (1955-1970) a partir de la interpretación de la Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia
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2021-01-23
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación desarrolla la historia del diagnóstico y tratamiento del
cáncer de cuello uterino, mediante el cual se entrecruzan distintas corrientes de gran
importancia en la historiografía contemporánea: la historia de género, la historia de la
ciencia, la historia de la salud y la historia social. Hacia la década de los años 50, la ciencia
médica comienza a cuestionarse sobre el cuerpo de la mujer, diversas investigaciones e
interpretaciones surgen para entender métodos médicos que hasta ese momento no
habían sido eficaces para mejorar enfermedades femeninas, tales como el cáncer de
cuello uterino. En este sentido, la ginecología apoyada por otros campos de la ciencia,
habían generado logros importantes para la detección de esta enfermedad, pero no
lograban identificar lo que la producía. Por otro lado, se logra identificar cuáles eran las
condiciones sociales y económicas de las pacientes a quienes los médicos involucraban
para realizar diagnósticos y estudios relevantes para esta especialidad. Estas situaciones
nos vinculan al aspecto social de las mujeres y sus principales dolencias ya que se utilizan
como indicadores de clasificación del enfermo, lo cual nos ayuda a reconstruir también
una historia de tipo social y como eran tratadas las mujeres a los ojos de la ciencia
médica. Para poder desarrollar estos temas, utilizamos como fuente principal los
artículos de la revista de Ginecología y Obstetricia, que muestran los progresos sobre el
estudio de tumores cancerígenos identificados con el cáncer de cuello uterino, la
segunda enfermedad que más ataca a las mujeres en el Perú y en América Latina, y que
a partir de inicios del siglo XX comienza a cobrar notoriedad debido a los métodos que
se descubren para controlarla en un debido tratamiento, detección y posterior
prevención de la enfermedad. Por lo tanto, el usar estos artículos médicos como fuentes
primarias, nos da la oportunidad de acercarnos a la historia de la lucha contra el cáncer.
Se analiza también, la poca información sobre las consultas periódicas que las mujeres
se tenían que realizar para cumplir con chequeos médicos relacionados a sus órganos
genitales y aparatos reproductivos, no asistían de manera exclusiva para un examen de
detección de anomalías cervicales y/o uterinas la campaña de detección y prevención
se realizaba junto con los programas de planificación familiar y atención prenatal. Por lo
tanto, los objetivos de este estudio estarán dedicados a interpretar como se llegaron a
proponer y a practicar los métodos que dieron inicio, a las campañas de la prevención y
detección del cáncer de cuello uterino. Dar a conocer cuáles fueron los principales
métodos en el tratamiento, la cura y la prevención de este mal en Perú y que
instituciones tanto privadas como del Estado logran unificar esfuerzos para difundir una
adecuada organización de salud contra esta enfermedad.
This research develops the history of the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer, through which different currents of great importance in contemporary historiography intersect: the history of gender, the history of science, the history of health and history social. Towards the decade of the 50s, medical science begins to question the woman’s body, various investigations and interpretations arise to understand medical methods that until then have not been effective in improving female diseases, such as cervical cancer. In this sense, gynecology, supported by other fields of science have generated important achievements for the detection of this diseases, but they could not identify what was causing it. On the other hand, it is posible to identify the social and economic conditions of the patients whom the doctors involved to carry out diagnoses and relevant studies for this specialty. These situations link us to the social aspect of women and their ailments since they are used as indicators of classification of the patient, which helps us to also reconstruct of a history of a social nature and how women were treated in the eyes of medical science. In order to develop these topics, we use main sources such as the articles of the Gynecology and Obstetrics journal, which show the progress made on the study of cancerous tumors identified with cervical cancer, the second disease that most attacks women in Peru, and in Latin America, and that from the beginning of the 20th Century begins to gain notoriety due to the methods that are discovered to control it in a proper treatment, detection and subsequent prevention of the disease. Therefore, using these medical articles as primary sources gives us the opportunity to get closer to the history of the fight against cancer. It is also analyzed, the little information on the periodic consultations that women had to carry out to comply with medical check-ups related to their genital organs and reproductive systems, they did not attend exclusively for a screening test for cervical and or uterine anomalies. The detection and prevention campaign was carried out together with the family planning and prenatal care programs. Therefore, the objectives of this study will be dedicated to interpreting how the methods that started the cervical cancer prevention and detection campaigns were proposed and practiced. To make known what were the main methods in the treatment, cure and prevention of this disease in Peru and that both private and State institutions manage to unity efforts to spread and l health organization against this disease.
This research develops the history of the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer, through which different currents of great importance in contemporary historiography intersect: the history of gender, the history of science, the history of health and history social. Towards the decade of the 50s, medical science begins to question the woman’s body, various investigations and interpretations arise to understand medical methods that until then have not been effective in improving female diseases, such as cervical cancer. In this sense, gynecology, supported by other fields of science have generated important achievements for the detection of this diseases, but they could not identify what was causing it. On the other hand, it is posible to identify the social and economic conditions of the patients whom the doctors involved to carry out diagnoses and relevant studies for this specialty. These situations link us to the social aspect of women and their ailments since they are used as indicators of classification of the patient, which helps us to also reconstruct of a history of a social nature and how women were treated in the eyes of medical science. In order to develop these topics, we use main sources such as the articles of the Gynecology and Obstetrics journal, which show the progress made on the study of cancerous tumors identified with cervical cancer, the second disease that most attacks women in Peru, and in Latin America, and that from the beginning of the 20th Century begins to gain notoriety due to the methods that are discovered to control it in a proper treatment, detection and subsequent prevention of the disease. Therefore, using these medical articles as primary sources gives us the opportunity to get closer to the history of the fight against cancer. It is also analyzed, the little information on the periodic consultations that women had to carry out to comply with medical check-ups related to their genital organs and reproductive systems, they did not attend exclusively for a screening test for cervical and or uterine anomalies. The detection and prevention campaign was carried out together with the family planning and prenatal care programs. Therefore, the objectives of this study will be dedicated to interpreting how the methods that started the cervical cancer prevention and detection campaigns were proposed and practiced. To make known what were the main methods in the treatment, cure and prevention of this disease in Peru and that both private and State institutions manage to unity efforts to spread and l health organization against this disease.
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Medicina--Perú--Historia--Siglo XX, Ginecología--Perú--Historia--Siglo XX, Salud pública--Perú--Siglo XX, Revistas peruanas--Siglo XX, Ciencia--Perú--Historia--Siglo XX
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