Bonos soberanos indexados a la capacidad de pago: propuesta para asegurar la sostenibilidad de la deuda pública externa
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2005
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía
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Las crisis de pagos mexicana (1994), asiática (1997), rusa (1998), brasileña (1999), turca (2001) y argentina (2002), mostraron que es posible la moratoria de la deuda pública, al margen de los fundamentos macroeconómicos de un país. Las propuestas de la comunidad financiera internacional para superar o prevenir situaciones de este tipo, se han realizado siempre desde la perspectiva de los países acreedores. No toman en cuenta los factores internos que generan la incapacidad de honrar los servicios de la deuda y, por tanto, dejan de lado el objetivo de asegurar la sostenibilidad de la deuda y de la propia política fiscal de los países deudores. En este trabajo se propone, desde la posición de los países deudores, la emisión de un bono indexado a la capacidad de pago representado por el ciclo del PBI, y su colocación en las instituciones financieras internacionales como una solución de cuasi-mercado a la fragilidad de sus políticas fiscales debido a los crecientes servicios de deuda que afrontan. A diferencia de los planes Baker, Brady y otras conocidas, esta propuesta permite disminuir la probabilidad de una crisis de deuda como consecuencia de la incapacidad de pago de sus servicios. Si la colocación de estos bonos indexados en las instituciones financieras internacionales llega a ser parte importante de la deuda pública y con ello aumenta significativamente su duración, entonces se habrá asegurado, por un largo período, la sostenibilidad de la deuda pública de los países deudores y, por tanto, la sostenibilidad de sus cuentas corrientes.
The possibility of the public debt default without any problem on the macroeconomic fundamental of a country, has shoved by de Mexican (1994), Asian (1997) Russian (1998), Brazilian (1999), Turkish (2001) and Argentinean (2002) crises. All the remedies to overcome or to prevent this kind of situations formulated by the international community have been designed from the lender countries perspectives. They don’t take into account the domestic factors of borrower countries and, hence, they fail to include the debt sustainability objective according to their internal conditions. This paper proposes the issue of indexed bonds to the payment capacity of the borrower countries represented by their GDP cycles. As a quasi market solution of the fiscal sustainability problem, these bonds should be acquired by the international financial institutions. This proposal is totally different from the well known Baker, Brady and other plans, since would permit decrease the probability of a debt crisis in the borrower countries as a consequence of their payment capacity affected by instability of their GDPs. If the indexed bonds acquired by the international financial institutions become part important of their total debt, and the duration of these issued bonds increases, the debt and current account sustainability of the borrower countries will be guaranteed for a long time.
The possibility of the public debt default without any problem on the macroeconomic fundamental of a country, has shoved by de Mexican (1994), Asian (1997) Russian (1998), Brazilian (1999), Turkish (2001) and Argentinean (2002) crises. All the remedies to overcome or to prevent this kind of situations formulated by the international community have been designed from the lender countries perspectives. They don’t take into account the domestic factors of borrower countries and, hence, they fail to include the debt sustainability objective according to their internal conditions. This paper proposes the issue of indexed bonds to the payment capacity of the borrower countries represented by their GDP cycles. As a quasi market solution of the fiscal sustainability problem, these bonds should be acquired by the international financial institutions. This proposal is totally different from the well known Baker, Brady and other plans, since would permit decrease the probability of a debt crisis in the borrower countries as a consequence of their payment capacity affected by instability of their GDPs. If the indexed bonds acquired by the international financial institutions become part important of their total debt, and the duration of these issued bonds increases, the debt and current account sustainability of the borrower countries will be guaranteed for a long time.
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Bonos, Deuda pública
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