Herramienta para la aplicación del modelo SCOR en el sector confecciones del Perú
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2012-12-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Resumen
En el Perú, el crecimiento de las exportaciones de prendas de vestir ha transformado al sector de Confecciones en un sector de suma importancia para el desarrollo del país. La fabricación de prendas de vestir representa el 7,1% del PBI manufacturero, se tiene una balanza comercial con superávit en confecciones. El principal producto exportado es el tejido de punto en la categoría polos de algodón, debido a la experiencia de las empresas de este rubro.
El mercado en el que actualmente las empresas exportadoras de confecciones desarrollan su actividad, se caracteriza por su creciente grado de exigencia en términos de variedad de productos, calidad, precio y nivel de servicio. En este contexto la logística tiene una función clave y estratégica en las empresas para alcanzar ventajas competitivas. En tal sentido, la gestión de la cadena de abastecimiento, cobra cada vez mayor importancia para establecer planes de mejora, mejorar procesos logísticos y, en consecuencia, ser más eficientes y más competitivos.
Es así que la herramienta desarrollada en esta investigación, sustentada en el modelo SCOR, permite a las organizaciones diagnosticar, a través de la evaluación de la realización de buenas prácticas, la situación actual en la que se encuentran los procesos de sus cadenas de abastecimiento y establecer las mejoras que les permitan ser más eficientes tanto al interior de sus empresas como con respectos a las demandas del cliente.
Para poder aplicar la herramienta propuesta se plantearon una serie de requisitos que debería cumplir una empresa del sector con la finalidad de conocer y evaluar todos sus procesos. Estos requisitos son: estar integrada verticalmente, destinar el 100% de su producción al mercado externo que no debe ser menor de 400,000 prendas al mes, tener un equipo de trabajo preparado innovador e interactivo, para poder dar una respuesta rápida al mercado cambiante y exigente como es el mercado de las confecciones; tener procesos definidos de logística de entrada y de salida; y por último, contar con sistemas definidos de comunicación, tanto fuera como dentro de la empresa, para que le permita planificar la producción tomando en cuenta los recursos humanos y materiales que se requieren, así como para intercambiar información con sus clientes sobre sus requerimientos y el estado del proceso productivo de sus pedidos.
Es así que la empresa seleccionada fue Textil San Cristóbal S.A., empresa con más de 60 años de experiencia en el mercado de las confecciones.
La evaluación de la herramienta permitió identificar no sólo la pertinencia de las buenas prácticas propuestas por el modelo y el acercamiento de las buenas prácticas a los procesos específicos y relevantes del sector confecciones, sino la inclusión de buenas prácticas que no se habían considerado en la propuesta inicial pero que resultan imprescindibles de evaluar.
El resultado de esta investigación es una herramienta final que puede ser aplicada por cualquier empresa de confecciones para medir el alcance y estado actual de sus procesos, y plantearse mejoras reales y realizables, con la finalidad de ser más eficientes y más competitivas.
In Peru, the growth of exports of dressing cloths has turned the sector of manufacturing cloths in a sector of relevant importance for the development of the country. The manufacture of dressing cloths represents 7,1 % of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product). In trade terms our country has a surplus being the principal exported product the fabrics, specifically in cotton t-shirts, due to great experience in this item by local companies. Nowadays the market of exporting companies of manufacturing clothes develops its activity by increasing the degree of exigency in terms of variety of products, quality, price and level of service. In this context, logistics has turned into a key and strategic function to reach competitive advantages. In this respect, the management of the supply chain receives every time more importance to establish plans of improvement, to improve logistic processes and, in consequence, to raise the level of competitiveness of companies. So that, the model SCOR used by the present investigation, is a tool for the organizations to diagnose the current situation in which they find the processes of the supply chain and establish the improvements that allow them to raise its level of competitiveness. In order to validate the proposed tool there appeared a series of requirements that a company of the sector should fulfill with purpose of knowing and evaluating all its processes. These requirements are: to be integrated vertically, to destine 100 % of production, which must not be less than 400 000 pieces per month to the external market, to have a prepared teamwork, innovative and interactive that can be able to give a fast answer to the changeable and demanding market; to have definite processes of logistics of inside and outside; and finally, rely on one definite system of communication in order to allow us to plan the production considering the human and material resources that are needed, as well as to exchange information with the clients: about their requirements and the information of their orders. So the selected company was Textile San Cristobel S.A., company with more than 60 years of experience on the market. The evaluation of the tool allowed us to identify not only the relevancy of the good practices proposed by the model and the approximation of these good practices to the specific and relevant processes of the sector, but the incorporation of good practices that had not been considered in the initial that turn out to be indispensable of evaluating. This work as result, gives a validated tool that can be applied by any company of manufacture, so that it will allow them to measure the scope and current condition of the processes and to appear more improvements with the purpose of being more efficient and competitive.
In Peru, the growth of exports of dressing cloths has turned the sector of manufacturing cloths in a sector of relevant importance for the development of the country. The manufacture of dressing cloths represents 7,1 % of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product). In trade terms our country has a surplus being the principal exported product the fabrics, specifically in cotton t-shirts, due to great experience in this item by local companies. Nowadays the market of exporting companies of manufacturing clothes develops its activity by increasing the degree of exigency in terms of variety of products, quality, price and level of service. In this context, logistics has turned into a key and strategic function to reach competitive advantages. In this respect, the management of the supply chain receives every time more importance to establish plans of improvement, to improve logistic processes and, in consequence, to raise the level of competitiveness of companies. So that, the model SCOR used by the present investigation, is a tool for the organizations to diagnose the current situation in which they find the processes of the supply chain and establish the improvements that allow them to raise its level of competitiveness. In order to validate the proposed tool there appeared a series of requirements that a company of the sector should fulfill with purpose of knowing and evaluating all its processes. These requirements are: to be integrated vertically, to destine 100 % of production, which must not be less than 400 000 pieces per month to the external market, to have a prepared teamwork, innovative and interactive that can be able to give a fast answer to the changeable and demanding market; to have definite processes of logistics of inside and outside; and finally, rely on one definite system of communication in order to allow us to plan the production considering the human and material resources that are needed, as well as to exchange information with the clients: about their requirements and the information of their orders. So the selected company was Textile San Cristobel S.A., company with more than 60 years of experience on the market. The evaluation of the tool allowed us to identify not only the relevancy of the good practices proposed by the model and the approximation of these good practices to the specific and relevant processes of the sector, but the incorporation of good practices that had not been considered in the initial that turn out to be indispensable of evaluating. This work as result, gives a validated tool that can be applied by any company of manufacture, so that it will allow them to measure the scope and current condition of the processes and to appear more improvements with the purpose of being more efficient and competitive.
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Exportaciones--Perú, Industria de la confección--Perú., Industria textil, Logística empresarial
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