Los intentos de reflotamiento de la mina de azogue de Huancavelica en el siglo XIX
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2007
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, Económicas, Políticas y Antropológicas - CISEPA
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Este artículo se propone rescatar la historia de la minería de azogue de Huancavelica en el período de la post independencia. Para ello reseñamos los esfuerzos realizados para volver a poner en explotación masiva la gran mina de azogue que alguna vez fuera considerada “la joya de la corona” española. Durante su época de mayor producción, entre finales del siglo XVI y los mediados del XVII, llegó a surtir de dicho precioso insumo a los dos grandes virreinatos americanos. Pero durante el siglo XIX, el Perú debió importar azogue ante la falencia de la producción local. Los intentos de reflotar la mina, en líneas generales fracasaron, y ella no volvió a tener una producción en gran escala hasta 1915. Nuestro artículo indaga en las razones de tal fracaso, apuntando hacia los factores institucionales que bloquearon el flujo de inversiones hacia la recuperación de Huancavelica. Se difundió en cambio otro tipo de minería: la de los humaches o mineros indígenas. A la vez que mantuvieron una producción de mercurio de cantidades no desdeñables a lo largo del siglo XIX, estos bloquearon la entrada de la “minería moderna” por un siglo.
This article tries to rescue the history of the mining of mercury of Huancavelica in the period of the post independence. For it we review the efforts realized put again in massive development the big mine of mercury that one day was considered to be “the jewel of the crown” Spaniard. During his epoch of major production, between the ends of the XVIth century and the middle of the XVIIth, input came to supply of mercury the two big American virreinatos. But during the XIXth century, Peru should have imported mercury before the bankruptcy of the local production. The attempts of refloating the mine, in general lines failed, and she did not have a production again in big scale until 1915. Our article investigates in the reasons of such a defeat, pointing towards the institutional factors that blocked the flow of investments towards the recovery of Huancavelica. Another type of mining spread on the other hand: that of the humaches or indigenous miners. Simultaneously that supported an important quantities of production of mercury throughout the XIXth century, these blockaded the entry of the “modern mining” for one century.
This article tries to rescue the history of the mining of mercury of Huancavelica in the period of the post independence. For it we review the efforts realized put again in massive development the big mine of mercury that one day was considered to be “the jewel of the crown” Spaniard. During his epoch of major production, between the ends of the XVIth century and the middle of the XVIIth, input came to supply of mercury the two big American virreinatos. But during the XIXth century, Peru should have imported mercury before the bankruptcy of the local production. The attempts of refloating the mine, in general lines failed, and she did not have a production again in big scale until 1915. Our article investigates in the reasons of such a defeat, pointing towards the institutional factors that blocked the flow of investments towards the recovery of Huancavelica. Another type of mining spread on the other hand: that of the humaches or indigenous miners. Simultaneously that supported an important quantities of production of mercury throughout the XIXth century, these blockaded the entry of the “modern mining” for one century.
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Industria minera--Perú--Huancavelica--Historia--Siglo XIX, Minas de azogue--Perú--Huancavelica--Historia--Siglo XIX
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