Ideología política y percepción de amenaza como bases del conflicto intergrupal: la inmigración venezolana en Perú y Colombia
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2020-10-05
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo explorar las diferencias en una muestra
peruana y colombiana respecto a la ideología política, la valoración, emociones,
estereotipos y percepción de amenaza respecto a la inmigración venezolana en Perú y
Colombia. Asimismo, se propuso explorar la relación entre las variables mencionadas. Con
este fin, se evaluó a 319 participantes, 132 colombianos y 187 peruanos entre los 17 y 80
años (M=37.31, DE=15.47). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Autoritarismo
de Ala Derecha, la Escala de Orientación a la Dominancia Social, la Escala de Valoración
de Grupos, Escala Diferencial de Emociones, Escala de Estereotipos Nacionales y la Escala
de Percepción de Amenaza Exogrupal en un cuestionario virtual. Se hallaron diferencias
significativas según nacionalidad en las emociones, percepción de amenaza, estereotipos y
valoración. No se hallaron diferencias significativas en las variables de ideología política. Se
halló un modelo significativo en ambas muestras teniendo como variables dependientes la
percepción de amenaza real y simbólica. Se concluye que las diferencias encontradas se
producirían por una interacción de factores contextuales e históricos y por el tamaño del
grupo minoritario. Además, se concluye que en el modelo de percepción de amenaza los
factores cognitivos y afectivos juegan un rol importante.
The aim of this study is to explore the differences in political ideology, prejudice, emotions, stereotypes and perception of threat between a peruvian and colombian sample in regard to the venezuelan immigration. Additionally, the relationship between these variables was explored. To accomplish this aim, 319 participantes filled an online survey, 132 colombians and 187 peruvians between 17 and 80 years old (M=37.31, DE=15.47). The instruments used were the Right Wing Authoritarianism Scale, the Social Dominance Orientation Scale, the Group Assesment Scale, the Differential Scale of Emotions, the National Stereotypes Scale and the Outgroup Perceived Threat scale. Differences were found between both countries in the following variables: emotions, perception of threat, stereotypes and assesment. There weren’t any significant differences in the variables of political ideology. A significant model was found in both samples, with perception of real and symbolic threat as dependent variables. In conclusion, it is hypothetisized that the differences found are produced by an interaction of contextual factors and the size of the minority group. Additionally, the model of perception of real and symbolic threat proved that cognitive and affective factors play an important role.
The aim of this study is to explore the differences in political ideology, prejudice, emotions, stereotypes and perception of threat between a peruvian and colombian sample in regard to the venezuelan immigration. Additionally, the relationship between these variables was explored. To accomplish this aim, 319 participantes filled an online survey, 132 colombians and 187 peruvians between 17 and 80 years old (M=37.31, DE=15.47). The instruments used were the Right Wing Authoritarianism Scale, the Social Dominance Orientation Scale, the Group Assesment Scale, the Differential Scale of Emotions, the National Stereotypes Scale and the Outgroup Perceived Threat scale. Differences were found between both countries in the following variables: emotions, perception of threat, stereotypes and assesment. There weren’t any significant differences in the variables of political ideology. A significant model was found in both samples, with perception of real and symbolic threat as dependent variables. In conclusion, it is hypothetisized that the differences found are produced by an interaction of contextual factors and the size of the minority group. Additionally, the model of perception of real and symbolic threat proved that cognitive and affective factors play an important role.
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Ideología--Aspectos políticos, Relaciones interpersonales, Conflicto (Psicología), Migración internacional--Venezuela
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