El efecto de la confianza en los medios de comunicación sobre las percepciones de integridad electoral, ¿una relación confiable?
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2024-07-11
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La confianza en instituciones que son clave para el funcionamiento de la democracia
ha caído de manera sostenida en el Perú y América Latina, entre ellas, la confianza
en los medios de comunicación. Si bien se ha discutido cómo la desconfianza en la
prensa puede afectar a las instituciones y valores políticos, hasta ahora sabemos muy
poco respecto del impacto que la desconfianza en la prensa puede tener sobre uno
de los pilares del sistema democrático: las elecciones. Para llenar este vacío, esta
investigación estudia el efecto que la confianza en los medios de comunicación
tradicionales tiene sobre la percepción de transparencia electoral y la confianza en los
organismos electorales. Con datos correspondientes a las elecciones generales de
Perú en el 2021, este trabajo presenta dos aportes valiosos para la discusión sobre la
relación entre la prensa y los procesos electorales: por un lado, concluimos que la
confianza en la prensa tiene un efecto significativo sobre la percepción de integridad
electoral, independientemente de la confianza en otras instituciones vinculadas con
las elecciones. Por el otro, este trabajo argumenta que los sucesos políticos y
mediáticos particulares de las elecciones del 2021, especialmente las acusaciones
injustificadas de fraude electoral, contribuyeron a que esta relación cambie en un
breve periodo de tiempo.
Trust in institutions that are key to the functioning of democracy has fallen steadily in Peru and Latin America, including trust in the media. While it has been discussed how distrust in the press can affect political institutions and values, so far we know very little about the impact that distrust in the press can have on one of the pillars of the democratic system: the elections. To fill this gap, this research studies the effect that trust in the traditional media has on the perception of electoral transparency and trust in electoral bodies. With data corresponding to Peru's general elections in 2021, this paper presents two valuable contributions to the discussion on the relationship between the press and electoral processes: on the one hand, we conclude that trust in the press has a significant effect on the perception of electoral integrity, independently of trust in other institutions linked to elections. On the other hand, this paper argues that the particular political and media events of the 2021 elections, especially the unjustified accusations of electoral fraud, contributed to this relationship changing in a short period of time.
Trust in institutions that are key to the functioning of democracy has fallen steadily in Peru and Latin America, including trust in the media. While it has been discussed how distrust in the press can affect political institutions and values, so far we know very little about the impact that distrust in the press can have on one of the pillars of the democratic system: the elections. To fill this gap, this research studies the effect that trust in the traditional media has on the perception of electoral transparency and trust in electoral bodies. With data corresponding to Peru's general elections in 2021, this paper presents two valuable contributions to the discussion on the relationship between the press and electoral processes: on the one hand, we conclude that trust in the press has a significant effect on the perception of electoral integrity, independently of trust in other institutions linked to elections. On the other hand, this paper argues that the particular political and media events of the 2021 elections, especially the unjustified accusations of electoral fraud, contributed to this relationship changing in a short period of time.
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Medios de comunicación masiva--Perú--Opinión pública, Elecciones--Perú, Observación electoral--Perú
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