Configuraciones relacionales en personas con estilo depresivo anaclítico e introyectivo atendidas en una institución de salud mental de Lima Metropolitana
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2020-01-23
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal comprender la manera en que las
personas con estilo depresivo anaclítico e introyectivo configuran sus experiencias
relacionales. Para ello, se realizó un estudio cualitativo de casos múltiples, que contó con la
participación de cuatro personas diagnosticadas con depresión, usuarias del servicio de
consulta externa de una institución pública de salud mental. Dos participantes presentaron un
estilo anaclítico, y dos presentaron uno introyectivo. En una primera sesión, se aplicó el
Inventario de Depresión de Beck – Segunda Edición (IDB-II; Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996) en
su versión castellana (Brenlla y Rodríguez, 2006) y el Cuestionario de Experiencias Depresivas
(DEQ; Blatt, D´Affiliti, & Quinlan, 1976) en su versión en español (Gargurevich et al., 2006).
En un segundo encuentro, se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada y se aplicó la entrevista
Paradigma de Anécdotas Relacionales (RAP; Luborsky, 1998). Mediante un análisis temático
inductivo se encontró que las personas con estilo depresivo anaclítico presentan deseos de ser
amadas y requieren del Otro para satisfacer sus necesidades. Sin embargo, el Otro es
experimentado como alguien que abandona, ante lo cual el Self se siente solo, rechazado y con
rabia. Por su parte, las personas con tendencia introyectiva presentan deseos de ser reconocidas
y valoradas, pero experimentan al Otro como alguien demandante y que no valida al Self. En
respuesta, el Self se siente culpable y fallado. Así, se observan diferencias sustanciales en la
forma en que las personas con cada tendencia depresiva organizan sus experiencias
relacionales.
The present study aims to understand the way in which people with anaclitic and introjective depression organize their relational experiences. A qualitative multiple case study was carried out. The participants were four outpatients from a public mental health institution in Lima Metropolitana, diagnosed with depression. Two participants presented an anaclitic type of depression and two an introjective style. In the first session, the Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition (IDB-II; Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996) was applied in its Spanish version (Brenlla and Rodríguez, 2006), followed by the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ; Blatt , D´Affiliti, & Quinlan, 1976) in its Spanish version (Gargurevich et al., 2006). In a second session, a semi-structured interview was conducted, and the Relational Anecdotes Paradigm interview (RAP; Luborsky, 1998) was applied. The data was analyzed under an inductive thematic analysis approach. The results showed that participants with anaclitic depression present wishes of being loved, as well as yearnings for others to satisfy the needs of the Self. However, the Other is experienced as someone who abandons, resulting in the Self feeling alone, rejected and angry. On the other hand, participants with introjective depression wish to be recognized and considered by the Other. However, they experience the Other as demanding and incapable of recognizing the Self’s needs and wants. In response, the Self feels to be a failure and experiences guilt. Thus, substantial differences are observed regarding the way participants with each depressive style organize their relational experiences.
The present study aims to understand the way in which people with anaclitic and introjective depression organize their relational experiences. A qualitative multiple case study was carried out. The participants were four outpatients from a public mental health institution in Lima Metropolitana, diagnosed with depression. Two participants presented an anaclitic type of depression and two an introjective style. In the first session, the Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition (IDB-II; Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996) was applied in its Spanish version (Brenlla and Rodríguez, 2006), followed by the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ; Blatt , D´Affiliti, & Quinlan, 1976) in its Spanish version (Gargurevich et al., 2006). In a second session, a semi-structured interview was conducted, and the Relational Anecdotes Paradigm interview (RAP; Luborsky, 1998) was applied. The data was analyzed under an inductive thematic analysis approach. The results showed that participants with anaclitic depression present wishes of being loved, as well as yearnings for others to satisfy the needs of the Self. However, the Other is experienced as someone who abandons, resulting in the Self feeling alone, rejected and angry. On the other hand, participants with introjective depression wish to be recognized and considered by the Other. However, they experience the Other as demanding and incapable of recognizing the Self’s needs and wants. In response, the Self feels to be a failure and experiences guilt. Thus, substantial differences are observed regarding the way participants with each depressive style organize their relational experiences.
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Depresión mental, Personas deprimidas--Estudio de casos
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