Percepciones docentes sobre las condiciones para la enseñanza de la educación sexual integral en las aulas de V ciclo de primaria en una institución educativa pública de Lima
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2022-03-28
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La Educación Sexual Integral, además de ser un derecho humano y una obligación
estatal, es un proceso esencial para formar estudiantes con agencia de su propio
desarrollo sexual, y con autonomía para tomar decisiones conscientes, valorando su
cuerpo, formando relaciones afectivas saludables, cuestionando las desigualdades de
género, adoptando prácticas de autocuidado, entre otros. Para lograr la enseñanza de
la ESI en las aulas, es necesario que los diversos actores educativos trabajen de
manera colaborativa garantizando el cumplimiento de tres condiciones: 1) Respaldo
de las políticas y gestión educativa, 2) Alianza con las familias y actores de la
comunidad, 3) Fortalecimiento de las competencias y actitudes docentes. En tal
sentido, el objetivo de la investigación es analizar percepciones sobre las condiciones
para la enseñanza de la ESI de docentes de V ciclo de primaria. En consecuencia, se
plantean dos objetivos específicos, los cuales buscan identificar creencias docentes
respecto a la sexualidad y la ESI, y describir sus percepciones sobre las condiciones
anteriormente mencionadas. Asimismo, la investigación es cualitativa y de nivel
descriptivo, y para recoger la información se utilizó la técnica de la entrevista
semiestructurada a 6 docentes y 1 director de la institución educativa. Uno de los
hallazgos más significativos es que los informantes -mayores de 50 años, con
creencias limitadas de la sexualidad- enseñan desde un modelo biológico y biomédico
a través de escasos recursos interactivos. Por otro lado, dos informantes -menores de
50 años, quienes comprenden a la sexualidad desde su integralidad- logran brindar
actividades y sesiones sobre ESI desde la dimensión socioafectiva en áreas como
Personal Social, y Tutoría y Orientación Educativa, y haciendo uso de estrategias que
promueven la participación entre sus estudiantes.
Comprehensive Sex Education, in addition to being a human right and a state obligation, is an essential process to train students with the agency of their own sexual development, and with autonomy to make conscious decisions, valuing their bodies, forming healthy affective relationships, questioning the gender inequalities, adopting self-care practices, among others. To achieve the teaching of CSE in the classrooms, it is necessary for the various educational actors to work collaboratively, guaranteeing the fulfillment of three conditions: 1) Support for educational policies and management, 2) Alliance with families and community actors , 3) Strengthening of teaching skills and attitudes. In this sense, the objective of the research is to analyze perceptions about the conditions for the teaching of ESI by teachers of the 5th cycle of primary school. Consequently, two specific objectives are proposed, which seek to identify teaching beliefs regarding sexuality and CSE, and describe their perceptions of the aforementioned conditions. Likewise, the research is qualitative and descriptive, and the semi-structured interview technique was used to collect the information with 6 teachers and 1 director of the educational institution. One of the most significant findings is that the informants - over 50 years of age, with limited beliefs about sexuality - teach from a biological and biomedical model through scarce interactive resources. On the other hand, two informants - under 50 years of age, who understand sexuality from its entirety - manage to provide activities and sessions on ESI from the socioaffective dimension in areas such as Social Personal, and Educational Tutoring and Guidance, and making use of strategies that promote participation among their students.
Comprehensive Sex Education, in addition to being a human right and a state obligation, is an essential process to train students with the agency of their own sexual development, and with autonomy to make conscious decisions, valuing their bodies, forming healthy affective relationships, questioning the gender inequalities, adopting self-care practices, among others. To achieve the teaching of CSE in the classrooms, it is necessary for the various educational actors to work collaboratively, guaranteeing the fulfillment of three conditions: 1) Support for educational policies and management, 2) Alliance with families and community actors , 3) Strengthening of teaching skills and attitudes. In this sense, the objective of the research is to analyze perceptions about the conditions for the teaching of ESI by teachers of the 5th cycle of primary school. Consequently, two specific objectives are proposed, which seek to identify teaching beliefs regarding sexuality and CSE, and describe their perceptions of the aforementioned conditions. Likewise, the research is qualitative and descriptive, and the semi-structured interview technique was used to collect the information with 6 teachers and 1 director of the educational institution. One of the most significant findings is that the informants - over 50 years of age, with limited beliefs about sexuality - teach from a biological and biomedical model through scarce interactive resources. On the other hand, two informants - under 50 years of age, who understand sexuality from its entirety - manage to provide activities and sessions on ESI from the socioaffective dimension in areas such as Social Personal, and Educational Tutoring and Guidance, and making use of strategies that promote participation among their students.
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Educación primaria--Perú--Lima, Educación pública--Perú--Lima, Personal docente--Aspectos psicológicos--Perú--Lima, Educación sexual--Perú--Lima
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