Lima’s city wall was completed in 1687, creating a physical boundary between the urban space and its rural surroundings. Yet well before this date, the division between city and countryside had been established. Water ...

The unpromising state of the colonial Peruvian economy, where prices were rising and productivity was at a standstill, led to a great slowdown in the tributary income of the Monarchy. In the face of this situation, the ...

This article examines the soundscape, both commemorative and disruptive, experienced in the city of Lima during the War of Independence, focusing on the sounds produced by church bells and cannons. Even though, in Lima, ...