Departamento Académico de Ingeniería
URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/124167
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Ítem Acceso Abierto Experimental assessment of confined masonry walls retrofitted with SRG under lateral cyclic loads(2019) Yacilaa, Jhair; Salsavilcaa, Jhoselyn; Tarquea, Nicola; Camatab, GuidoAround the world, many informal masonry buildings have collapsed due to the failure of their bearing walls under lateral seismic loads. This is related to the many involved factors, such the quality of the materials, the quality of workmanship, the lack of technical intervention, and the high seismicity of the zone, among others. However, the fact is that these constructions need to be retrofitted in order to upgrade their ultimate strength and allow them to properly absorb inelastic deformations. Currently, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) has been widely studied as a retrofitting technique. However, it has some technical and economic disadvantages that are remedied by fiber reinforced mortar (FRM). In this paper, a variant of FRM known as steel reinforced grout (SRG) is studied as a seismic retrofitting technique for cracked confined masonry walls (CMW). For this purpose, three full-scale cracked walls were repaired, retrofitted with SRG strips, and tested under in-plane cyclic loads at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP). The experimental results show the benefits of SRG in improving the lateral displacement ductility, energy dissipation, and stiffness degradation of CMWs.Ítem Acceso Abierto Multi-criteria analysis of five reinforcement options for Peruvian confined masonry walls(2019) Tarque, Nicola; Salsavilca, Jhoselyn; Yacila, Jhair; Camata, GuidoIn Peru, construction of dwellings using confined masonry walls (CM) has a high percentage of acceptance within many sectors of the population. It is estimated that only in Lima, 80% of the constructions use CM and at least 70% of these are informal constructions. This mean that they are built without proper technical advice and generally have a high seismic vulnerability. One way to reduce this vulnerability is by reinforcing the walls. However, despite the existence of some reinforcement methods in the market, not all of them can be applied massively because there are other parameters to take into account, as economical, criteria for seismic improvement, reinforcement ratio, etc. Therefore, in this paper the feasibility of using five reinforcement techniques has been studied and compared. These reinforcements are: welded mesh (WM), glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), steel bar wire mesh (CSM), steel reinforced grout (SRG). The Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method can be useful to evaluate the most optimal strengthening technique for a fast, effective and massive use plan in Peru. The results of using MCDM with 10 criteria indicate that the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Steel Reinforced Grout (SRG) methods are the most suitable for a massive reinforcement application in Lima.Ítem Acceso Abierto Building constructions characteristics and mechanical properties of confined masonry walls in San Miguel (Puno-Peru)(2022) Tarque, Nicola; Pancca-Calsin, ErikaHouse self-construction and self-management are very common in different cities in Peru, which is the case in several areas in the district of San Miguel (Puno). This is due to the lack of financial resources to hire professionals to design and construct their houses. Therefore, many residents build without technical guidance and materials without quality standards. As a result, the buildings in the area have various construction pathologies that demonstrate their high seismic vulnerability, which indicates that the guidelines established in the Peruvian Masonry Design Code NTE 070 are not followed. Therefore, as a first step towards evaluating the seismic vulnerability of the houses in San Miguel, it was decided to evaluate the construction pathologies and typologies by conducting a survey. Subsequently, to characterize and evaluate the physical-mechanical properties of the masonry walls, 24 piles and 24 small walls were built and tested. The materials tested were obtained from the urban area of the same study place. According to the experimental tests, it was observed that the axial compression and diagonal shear values of the prisms are lower than the minimum values specified in the Peruvian Construction Code, and this would increase the seismic vulnerability of the constructions. Therefore, many of the houses in the district could suffer significant damage and even collapse in a seismic event.Ítem Desconocido Development of fragility curves for confined masonry buildings in Lima, Peru(2018) Lovon, Holger; Tarque, Nicola; Silva, Vitor; Yepes-Estrada, CatalinaThis paper aims at investigating the seismic fragility of confined masonry (CM) structures in Lima, Peru, which can be used to perform earthquake scenarios at urban scale. A database describing the geometric properties (walls density, building area, height) of this type of structure was developed using data from field surveys. This information was complemented with results from experimental tests to compute a large set of capacity curves using a mechanical procedure. These models were tested against a set of ground motion records using the displacement-based earthquake loss assessment (DBELA) procedure, and the structural responses were used to derive fragility functions for four building classes. The resulting fragility curves were convoluted with seismic hazard curves to evaluate the annualized expected loss ratio and annual collapse probability.Ítem Acceso Abierto Rope mesh as a seismic reinforcement for two‑storey adobe Buildings(2022) Tarque, Nicola; Blondet, Marcial; Vargas‑Neumann, Julio; Yallico‑Luque, RamiroThroughout the world, millions of people are at risk because they live in unreinforced earthen dwellings, which have consistently shown extremely poor structural behaviour during earthquakes. Every single earthquake occurring in these areas has caused unacceptable loss of life, injuries, and property damage. Earthquakes are recurrent and construction damage is cumulative. It is urgent, therefore, to devise low-cost, easy-to-implement seismic reinforcement systems and to make them available to the actual dwellers. A group of researchers at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú has been working towards that goal, especially on improving the seismic capacity of one-storey adobe dwellings. They have proposed construction methodologies for a seismic reinforcement system consisting of a mesh of nylon ropes that confines all earthen walls. This reinforcement system would control the wall displacements and prevent the overturning of wall portions that may occur due to seismic shaking. To validate the effectiveness of the nylon rope mesh reinforcement on two-storey adobe dwellings, shaking table tests were conducted on unreinforced and half-scale reinforced adobe models, simulating the actions of slight, moderate and strong seismic ground shaking. These models were designed to include the main construction features of typical adobe dwellings in the Peruvian Andes. The results of the experimental tests showed that the rope mesh reinforcement system was able to preserve the structural stability of the tested reduced-scale adobe models under strong motions, thus preventing collapse. It is expected that the proposed reinforced system would also improve the seismic performance of one and two-storey adobe dwellings, reducing in this way their inherent high seismic risk.Ítem Acceso Abierto Use of Value Stream Mapping in a Case Study in Basement Construction(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Arte y Diseño, 2021) Espinoza, Lisseth R.; Herrera, Rodrigo F.; Brioso, Xavier; Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúThe Value Stream Mapping (VSM) as a management tool helps evaluate the waste within the workflow. However, it must be adapted to the construction since it was originated in manufacture. This adaptation is possible through appropriate process mapping. This study aims to map the process of the basement construction system in the execution of a building in Lima-Peru city. The building in the case study will have nine basements and 11-floor levels. An adaptation of the optimization cycle for construction projects was used. It allows mapping all the relevant activities and proposing and implementing improvements in the construction system. As a result, three maps were obtained. The first one is a map of the current state (VSM 1). The second one is a map of the current state with improvements (VSM 2). Finally, a third map of the future state with improvements (VSM 3). This study demonstrated that it is possible to adapt the VSM in basement construction and the usefulness of this tool to evaluate and reduce waste within the workflow.Ítem Acceso Abierto Challenges of Virtual Design and Construction Implementation in Public Projects(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Arte y Diseño, 2021) Prado Lujan, Guillermo; Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúThe Peruvian AEC industry has started implementing VDC and BIM in public projects due to recent regulations that state the progressive adoption of BIM (as a methodology) in public construction. Regardless of the benefits of these new approaches, some challenges to VDC implementation have emerged as a response to the resistance to change of the Peruvian AEC industry, which is stronger in the Peruvian public sector. The aim of this paper is to present the challenges found in the author´s VDC implementation experience in a public project, as part of the third VDC Certificate Program in Lima lead by CIFE from Stanford University. These challenges will be identified based on a schema, constructed by the literature review. The results show that the main challenges found are the lack of commitment and the lack of collaboration between stakeholders. These results suggest the need to overcome this resistant-to-change environment by focusing on training programs and conducting capability assessments within public institutions before start implementing VDC, so more benefits will be achieved by the Peruvian public institutions.Ítem Acceso Abierto Implementation of Lean Construction as a Solution for the Covid-19 Impacts in Residential Construction Projects in Lima, Peru(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Arte y Diseño, 2021) Verán-Leigh, Daniel; Brioso, Xavier; Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúAt the beginning of 2020, a virus discovered in the province of Wuhan in China identified as SARS- COV-2, denominated COVID-19, began to spread globally, being identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic on March 13 since the epidemic has spread to several countries in all the continents and affects a large number of people (WHO 2020). In Peru the entry of COVID-19 caused the Peruvian government to take different options to control its spread such as mandatory quarantines and lockdowns. In front of this scenario, the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector had to reinvent itself since it is a sector where work depends on a significant amount of personnel (IPE 2020). Furthermore, the level of industrialization in Peru is significantly lower compared with industrialized countries, generating that the consumption of labor is greater as well as the cost of the project, searching for new solutions to improve productivity. Moreover, considering the new sanitary measures for COVID-19 including new health protocols, controls, and improvement of working sanitary standards. Therefore, the main purpose of the present paper is to present a planning proposal for a system that integrates the Lean tools and the COVID-19 protocol for armed concrete buildings in Peru and present the preliminary results of its modification on the production system, design of work schedules, planning meetings, among other aspects of the construction system.Ítem Acceso Abierto Lean construction in crisis times: responding to the post-pandemic AEC industry challenges(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Arte y Diseño, 2021) Alarcón, Luis F.; González, Vicente A.; Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúWhile our IGLC community was trying to catch up with how the reshaping of the manufacturing by the advent of the “fourth industrial revolution” or industry 4.0 would impact the architecture-engineering-construction (AEC) industry, an even bigger and unprecedented economic and social disruption caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, posed new and unimaginable challenges leading to a world that is going through its biggest transformation in every single aspect of our society in almost a Century. Countries responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by taking unprecedented steps such as making large amounts of money available to fund rescue measures such as tax cuts, extended unemployment benefits, mortgage holidays, and liquidity for small and medium-sized businesses. And some of the millions of persons that suddenly started working remotely during the pandemic, have taken the unprecedented opportunity to shift their lives in a new direction expecting not having to go back to the office again. This has also shifted the traditional way of working in the AEC industry towards one that enable the e-office and e-collaboration among project teams. Back in 2020, the 28th IGLC conference already setup (i.e., auditoriums, catering, hotel reservations, audiovisual equipment) to be carried out in Cusco, Peru had to be surprisingly cancelled due to the COVID-19 worldwide lockdown and traveling restrictions imposed throughout the word in March 2020. Iris Tommelein1 and her P2SL group at UC Berkeley jointly with Emmanuel Danie2 from University of Wolverhampton, raised to the occasion making the IGLC community statement “annual conferences are the main activity of the IGLC, and their locations rotate amongst the continents” to become charged with a new meaning, having by the first time a completely online IGLC conference in 2020. The 28th IGLC online conference organized by the P2SL at Berkeley replaced the originally planned in person conference to be held in Cusco, Peru in July 2020. Building on top of the pioneering experience provided by UC Berkeley, this year’s 29th IGLC full online conference has been entirely organized by the Peruvian university: “Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú” under the leadership of Professors Dr Danny Murguia and Dr Xavier Brioso, and with the senior advice of Professors Dr Luis Fernando Alarcon from Catholic University of Chile and Dr Vicente Gonzalez from University of Auckland. In this year’s conference, we had 98 papers’ presentations, 9 Summer School presentations, 2 keynote speakers, and a Gregory Howell Lean Game Session. All the papers and presentation slides are available online at iglc.net. With the conviction that we shall emerge from this COVID-19 pandemic with a healthier respect for the environment and our common humanity, Dr Flores inaugurated the conference with the keynote presentation: “Trust, emotionality, relationships, and productivity - some reflections for the construction industry”. And Dr Guilherme Luz Tortorella provided the closing keynote presentation “Integrating Industry 4.0 into Lean”. These IGLC29 conference proceedings do not only contain the records of the conference, but they will carry within themselves the story of the challenges and opportunities brought up by the COVID-19 pandemic to our IGLC community as well as to the broader Lean Construction community. Finally, we would like to thank to all the members of the 2020 28th IGLC conference organizing committee that was not possible to be carried out in person in Cusco, Peru neither during 2020 nor during 2021, special thanks to Carlos Lepesqueur for his efforts and leadership on the organization of a conference that did not happen and that we still hope to happen in the new world of hope that has started to arise.Ítem Acceso Abierto Lean and BIM Interaction in a High Rise Building(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Facultad de Arte y Diseño, 2021) Chuquín, Frank; Chuquín, Cristhian; Saire, Romina; Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúLean Design has been spreading its use in the AEC industry along with the emergence of Building Information Modelling (BIM).Those two methodologies; Lean and BIM are being implemented first independently and then together. as new means to deliver more efficient projects. This paper researches some tools of Lean and BIM that permit a positive interaction by focusing on a case study related to a high rise building for residential use. Those tools are; from Lean Construction, set based design and value stream mapping. From BIM were used a 3D model and Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE) sessions. Also, the paper describes the interaction between those tools in the design phase and its impact in the construction stage.