Revista Ensayo

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/202670

ISSN: 2413-9726
e-ISSN: 2710-2947

ENSAYO Revista de arquitectura, urbanismo y territorio es una publicación anual que busca promover y enriquecer la cultura disciplinar al desarrollar temas de interés en el ámbito local, regional y latinoamericano. Ofrece documentos sobre arquitectura, urbanismo y territorio a modo de debates actuales, reflexiones relativas al pensamiento teórico y proyectual, investigaciones históricas, así como exploraciones de carácter tecnológico

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A más caridad, más desigualdad
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-30) Labarthe, David
No presenta resumen.
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Activarse desde la periferia. Estrategias y tácticas de desplazamiento en bicicleta y a pie en El Rincón de Suba (Bogotá)
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-03-12) Ducasse, Arthur; Lucas, Maëlle
This paper intends to describe tactics and strategies that dwellers of El Rincon in Bogota adopt during their daily journeys walking or cycling. El Rincon is a neighborhood, and a zoning unit for planning (UPZ, unidad de planeamiento zonal) located in the north-western end of the city, in Suba locality. Its high population density and its uneasy-to-access topography turned out to be two main aspects of this study. The research is based on a long-term ethnographic field work (from February 2021 to July 2022). Observations of cycling and walking mobilities, semi-structured interviews and ride-along interviews were implemented to describe the strategies the inhabitants elaborate to leave El Rincón, and the tactics they use to move about in this congested environment. Walking and cycling appear to help mitigate congestion’s impacts and allow better control on daily journey’s length and conditions.
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La apropiación como condición del derecho a la ciudad. El caso de la política de mejoramiento barrial de Villa Jardín, Municipio de Lanús, Buenos Aires
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-30) Jaime, Eugenia; Salvarredy, Julián
During the last twenty years, public policies for neighborhood improvement have been developed in the region with the purpose of urbanizing precarious settlements. However, these interventions have affected a relevant mass of inhabitants to fully develop their right to the city. On the other hand, the obstacles that faced the settlers to transit these processes in an appropriate manner are significant, according to Lefebvre's terms, as a condition for a just and democratic production.This article reflects, based on the work of the civil association Proyecto Habitar, in alliance with the Defensoría General de la Nación Argentina during 2018, on the role played by appropriation in urbanization processes that include population relocation, specifically the implementation of a public policy of neighborhood improvement in Villa Jardín - Lanús in Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. For the analysis, three dimensions were established: technical-constructive aspects, the socio-organizational aspect and, finally, the political and institutional aspects. This multidimensional approach seeks to identify the role of ownership in achieving and realizing the right to the city.
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La arquitectura como medio de empoderamiento cívico
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-30) Maccaglia, Marta
In Peru there are 48 native languages, 11 ecological regions, 84 of the 117 different «life zones» in the world. Can architects operate from an active and participatory action with respect that strengthens the social habitat to combat inequality? If architecture is an art that generates spaces for better living, architects have the responsibility to understand and respect the territory and the people, to propose spaces that represent the culture and spirit of each place.However, in cities we live between physical walls that highlight inequalities and make visible the fear we have of others. In the peripheral areas and, even more, in the rural areas of the country, we contribute a system than abandon the most vulnerable communities. Faced with this scenario, we believe that the first wall we have to tear down is a wall in our minds, and this is only possible through equal access to education. For this reason, we are interested in educational architecture projects: the school, the first place after the home, where children can develop by learning in society.
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Los barrios de Arequipa: Crónica de una ciudad fragmentada
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-30) Zeballos Velarde, Carlos
This article seeks to understand the characteristics of the physical and social fragmentation of the city of Arequipa by exploring the historical evolution of its neighborhoods, which are fundamental elements of the city, both in their physical-spatial and socio-cultural configuration. The analysis of the structure of the neighborhoods, their configuration and transformation can contribute to understanding the dynamics and characteristics of the city. To this end, we explore the evolution of the pre-Hispanic, colonial and republican city from the generation of neighborhoods, and the implications that this had on the social divisions in Arequipa. It then discusses the role of urban planning since the second half of the twentieth century and how, on many occasions, it has emphasized dismemberment, fragmentation and marginality instead of being an agent of articulation. Finally, an urban renewal alternative is proposed that promotes social, urban and environmental integration in the periphery of Arequipa, through the development of a network of neighborhood centralities.
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Breve genealogía de la desigualdad urbana
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-30) Rodríguez Rivero, Luis; Desmaison Estrada, Belén; Gallardo Jara, Luciana
No presenta resumen.
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Editorial
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015-12-18) Belaunde, Pedro
No presenta resumen.
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Eduardo Neira Alva. Aportes profesionales para el debate sobre el desarrollo territorial y la ecología urbana en América Latina, 1961-1998
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015-12-18) Huapaya, José Carlos
The exceptional professional career of Peruvian architect and urbanist Eduardo Neira Alva (1924-2005) was not only limited to Peru. Between 1960 and 1980, Neira worked with important Latin American institutions created to promote economic development in the countries of the region such us the Center of Development Studies (Cendes), the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), and the Latin American and Caribbean Institute for Economic and Social Planning (ILPES). The positions he held enabled him to know professionals from several countries and diﬀerent ways and methods used to promote economic development in each reality. The main purpose of this article is to understand the development of his ideology and his contributions in Latin America. To do so, this research analyzes the most representative texts that Neira wrote in the aforementioned professional contexts (including both published and unpublished works) between 1961 and 1998. These texts reveal his eagerness to understand the link between architecture and human habitat, and his concern to «expand scales», from regional development to territorial planning, and discuss issues that had not been discussed before, such as eco-development.
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Entender la desigualdad urbana en Lima Metropolitana: historia, multidimensionalidad y pistas para combatirla
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-28) Rodriguez Rivero, Luis; Ramirez Corzo Nicolini, Daniel; Desmaison Estrada, Belén
In Lima, as in other large Latin American cities, the daily experience of its inhabitants is framed by relations of inequality that go beyond the great economic differences normalized in capitalist societies. Urban inequality is presented as a multidimensional phenomenon in which its main components and the way they interact with each other is not universal, but have been constructed and structured throughout the history of each society, following the specific characteristics of each urban center, so we can refer of an intersectional inequality. A review of the urban history of Lima is proposed, which seeks to demonstrate how urban inequality has been constructed, and to show how the production of the city and the production of inequality have been two sides of the same process. Inequality and its relationship with fragmentation will be characterized, and then a conceptual model will be tested in accordance with the multidimensional nature of both. Finally, some clues to confront this analytical approach in a city like Lima will be pointed out.
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Examinando la relación entre la planeación y la urbanización periférica en Lima
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-02-15) Lambert, Rita
Highlighting the particularities of the urbanisation of the peripheral slopes of Lima, this paper offers a counterpoint in three main fronts to the way auto-constructed settlements are often approached. Firstly it challenges the approach through informality arguing that in effect this lens places human settlements out of focus: on the one hand, it hides the hybridity of conditions involved in such processes of urbanisation; on the other, it positions these settlements tangentially to «formal» legal structures thus limiting the possibility of advancing an understanding of the relationship between planning and «informal» urbanisation processes. Although many cities of the global South get built through this form, this mode of urbanisation is predominantly seen to occur outside of, in violation of, or as a failure of planning. Secondly, the paper questions unintended outcomes and more specifically the production and reproduction of risk as separate from planning, often positioned as the result of haphazard land occupation and lack of knowledge and technical capacities of auto-constructors.Thirdly, it challenges the attribution of responsibility for «informal» urbanisation processes to the urban poor, calling for a relational as well as a socio-material perspective to better understand the urbanisation of the slopes.
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Fim de semana y Loteamiento clandestino: aproximaciones al universo popular de la vivienda en São Paulo (1970-1990)
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-02-15) Aravecchia-Botas, Nilce; Veiga De Castro, Ana Claudia
This article is based on the analysis of two films by architect and urbanist Ermínia Maricato Fim de semana (1975) and Loteamento clandestino (1979) to reflect on some relations established in São Paulo, the largest South American metropolis, with the work by John Turner, Freedom to Build (published in 1977). It seeks to show the coincidences and departures between those who dedicated themselves to think social housing in Latin America, defending popular participation in its elaboration. Maricato, following the trail opened by other researchers at the University of São Paulo, elaborates an ethnographic approach to the outskirts of São Paulo, recording the construction of the house of the poor. This look reveals the impossibility of those subjects to access the formal housing market. In the late 1980s, the first municipal administration of the redemocratization period had Maricato as its housing secretary, and during her management, self-construction became state policy. It was a paradox: To support self-construction was to throw water into the windmill of precariousness or to defend libertarian ideas in the face of the oppression of the authoritarian state? Here we intend to discuss these issues, relating the Brazilian intellectual production with a more general movement, seeking to contribute to the debate.
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Goodbye Lima. Un llamado al desarrollo de modelos urbano-rurales, para habitar el territorio peruano
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-30) Nogales, Lucía
The displacements produced mainly from the capital to other areas of Peru during the period of quarantine to face the COVID-19 have once again highlighted the lack of capacity of the capital to guarantee a good quality of life for its inhabitants. This article takes these displacements as a symbol of Lima's overflow, and proposes to understand and address the rest of the urban centers of the territory. After reviewing the heterogeneity of these centers, the article questions their true urban character, joining the criticism of hegemonic Euro-American urban theories, which consolidate the traditional urban-rural binomial. The article calls for the development of systems that blur or even dissolve the boundaries between urban and rural, integrating resilient urban-rural systems with a better relationship with their environment and sources of supply in order to face the great challenge of the 21st century, the environmental crisis and its derivatives.
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Hacia un urbanismo holístico: legado y topicalidad del pensamiento de John F. C. Turner en los asentamientos autoconstruidos del Cono Norte, Lima. El Ermitaño y Pampa de Cueva como casos de estudio para la activación de memoria urbana
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-02-15) Golda-Pongratz, Kathrin
The increasing urban fragmentation and the lack of a holistic and inclusive vision of large Latin American agglomerations are, at the same time, their main contemporary challenges. The potential and value of community building and the need to include urban self-building that architect John F. C. Turner in his years in Peru described as «housing resources» and «architecture that works» remain unrecognized in the Peruvian urban and territorial planning.Starting from the documentary A Roof of My Own (Turner Movshon, 1964), filmed by the United Nations on the process of self-construction of El Ermitaño, in the Northern Cone of Lima, in 2016 a memory activation project has begun in the neighborhood. It is the basis of a new documentary entitled City Unfinished. Voices of El Ermitaño (Golda-Pongratz Flores, 2018), portraying this same place from a contemporary perspective that the author understands as a tool of placemaking. On the one hand, it is a question of understanding the current socio-urban dynamics by resorting to the urban memory of the inhabitants. On the other hand, it tests to what extent a less well-known part of Turner's work, his thinking toward a holistic concept of building places and his work on a universal tool to explain placemaking processes, will be applicable in emblematic places such as Pampa de Cueva or El Ermitaño on the self-built periphery of Lima.This documentary and research work encompasses the entire territory of Lima as an interrelated system and seeks to design strategies with which all inhabitants, especially in key, ecologically important and physical areas actively participate as actors and actors responsible for the protection of the cultural heritage and the ecological balance of their habitat.
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La inmutabilidad de los taxirrutas en Quito: acciones y estrategias del sector de transporte informal durante la pandemia del covid-19
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-03-12) Gamble, Julie
Between March and May 2020, as cities responded to Covid-19 globally, Quito entered a phase of quarantine that immobilized the city’s public transport system. In this context, this article focuses on how informal transport services continued to operate on the peripheries to provide a mobility service in absence of public transport. The article asks: What did informal transport services such as taxirrutas do during the Covid-19 pandemic? Based on 31 interviews with taxirruta drivers, the article highlights how the sector was characterized by immutability. That is, companies did not change their routes or increase trip prices. The category of immutability, necessarily implies that invisible dynamics like adaptation and maintenance are a requisite for the sector to function without alteration. This article uncovers the strategies and tactics employed to keep a route in motion, which involves heterogeneous dynamics that depend a range of circumstances.
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John F. C. Turner y su visión relacional de la vivienda
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-02-15) Oyón, José Luis
The article reconstructs the relational conception of housing by John F. C. Turner, a thought about inhabiting where as important as the housing physical object are the relationships that its inhabitants maintain with the environment. This vision, taken in essence from Patrick Geddes, began to be forged in the late 1940s, was taking shape during his stay in Peru between 1957 and 1964 and reached his definitive theoretical expression when he moved to the United States. The article finally reflects on the important role played by the Peruvian and American anthropologists with which he collaborated in Lima, and the figure of Charles Abrams in that Turnerian conception
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KNOW: Coproducción para la igualdad urbana
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-30) Castán Broto, Vanessa; Osuteye, Emmanuel; Ortiz, Catalina; Lipietz, Barbara; Johnson, Cassidy; Kombe, Wilbard
This working paper serves as the basis for a critical examination of the notion of knowledge co-production. The paper examines how the idea of knowledge co-production has emerged in relation to the parallel but distinct concept of service co-production and the participatory development planning tradition. It also examines the variety of processes of knowledge co-production that may take place in the context of academic research.In doing so, the working paper highlights the centrality of knowledge co-production in the Knowledge in Action for Urban Equality (KNOW) project’s research strategy, with a focus on actionable knowledge that may support transformative trajectories towards urban equality. Such an approach is based on the view that knowledge production underpins the process, ethics, and outcomes of any urban development intervention. Using well-documented examples of knowledge co-production in urban equity research, the article discusses how co-production is carried out in practice. Focusing on how co-production is used in active research also helps to identify some key constraints and challenges, as well as existing mechanisms for overcoming them. This discussion leads to a proposed research agenda on knowledge co-production in the context of the KNOW project.
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Más allá de los modos. La experiencia de la «movilidad sostenible» en las periferias populares de Lima
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-03-12) Robert, Jérémy; Pereyra, Omar
This article discusses on the sustainability of daily mobility from the analysis of inhabitant’s practices of two popular peripheral areas of the city of Lima. It provides an analysis of experiences with the use of «sustainable» modes (walking, cycling and public transport) and «unsustainable» modes. A number of obstacles related to distance, slope or insecurity are highlighted, as well as their influence on mobility strategies and the choice of modes. The characteristics of the environment and the mobility needs in the popular peripheries do not facilitate the use of so-called «sustainable» modes, compared to «unsustainable» modes such as mototaxis, taxis or colectivos, even combis, which greatly ease the mobility of people despite constraints in terms of security and cost.
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La movilidad sostenible: conceptos, enfoques y realidad vistos desde un sector periférico popular del área metropolitana de Bogotá
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-03-12) Prada, Valentina; Demoraes, Florent; Sáenz-Acosta, Hernando
The aim of this article is twofold. First, it provides a brief state of the art of the international literature related to sustainable mobility. Given the great diversity of approaches that encompasses the complexity of the sustainable mobility paradigm, the second part analyzes the current challenges, hinderances and prospects for maintaining and developing sustainable mobility practices in the commune of Cazucá. This study zone is a low-income neighborhood located in the south of the metropolitan area of Bogota. It is illustrative of the socio-demographic and mobility conditions that characterize many outskirts of Latin American cities. The analysis is based on census data and the latest urban mobility survey (EMU-2019). It also relies on interviews applied to key actors of the commune and inhabitants of different profiles.
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Oportunidades y contradicciones de la movilidad sostenible
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-03-12) Vega Centeno, Pablo; Robert, Jérémy; Goueset, Vincent
No presenta resumen.
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Paratránsito y accesibilidad: más allá de la movilidad urbana en el área metropolitana de Cochabamba
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-03-12) Méndez, Lucas A.; Cabrera, Juan E.; Gantier, Leandro; Gamarra, Stefanie
Urban transport services in Bolivia are characterized by their informality, self-management, atomization, reduced quality, as well as a high capacity for route multiplication, the main link with urban sprawl. However, an analysis of the level of accessibility that this mode of service allows in Cochabamba shows that it is a highly efficient service under this indicator. The level of accessibility that paratransit allows contributes to the reduction of inequalities and articulation of the peripheries to the opportunities offered by the city.