Politai
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/184424
ISSN: 2219-4142
e-ISSN: 2415-2498
Politai: Revista de Ciencia Política es una publicación académica editada por la Asociación Civil Politai, formada por estudiantes y egresados de la especialidad de Ciencia Política y Gobierno de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Desde su fundación en 2009, la Asociación Civil Politai tiene como objetivo promover la disciplina de la ciencia política en el Perú y América Latina. Desde 2010, publica semestralmente investigaciones y trabajos académicos originales e inéditos a través de los números temáticos de su revista académica.
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Item Metadata only Los debates sobre la participación de las mujeres en el parlamento brasileño: subrepresentación, la violencia y el acoso(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016) Santos, Polianna Pereira dos; Barcelos, Júlia Rocha de; Gresta, Roberta MaiaWomen were one of the last social groups to conquer political rights in contemporary democracies. Although there are no more legal obstacles for female political participation (active and passive), women’s presence in Brazilian parliaments is minimal. In the Lower House of Parliament (Câmara dos Deputados), after 2014 Elections –that is, 19 years after gender quota regulations in Brazil– women still occupy less than 10% of the seats. That being the case, in this brief study, we revisit cultural, social and institutional variables which are commonly presented as a justification for female under-representation in Brazil. Subsequently, we address gender violence situations which took place in Brazil’s Lower House of Parliament, as well as how they were dealt with by this organization. Furthermore, in attempt to better understand the relations between gender, representation, violence and harassment in the political field, questionnaires were sent to representatives in the Lower House of Parliament, where the two paradigmatic cases which are object of this study took place. In this attempt, we also interview the Vice-Governor of a Brazilian state, a woman who can provide the perspective of the executive branch on the matter. The analysis of these results –including the percentage of answers– should allow us to raise a connection between gender violence in politics and female under-representation.Item Metadata only Organizaciones políticas no institucionalizadas y Estado de Derecho en el Perú post-Fujimori: Una propuesta para la investigación(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013) Cameron, Maxwell A.; Sosa Villagarcia, PaoloPolitical science literature has focused itself mostly on the «pro-democracy» role of political parties, identifying them as essential instruments for representation. We agree, but we believe this is not the only aspect to focus on. Democratic parties do not only achieve power through regular elections, but they also aspire to rule within a democratic regime. In that sense, the functioning of political parties can be analyzed not only in terms of their contribution to electoral competition. In order to fulfill their democratic functions, parties need a strong constitutional order that allows them to provide two goods: the achievement of power through legalways and good governance within the Rule of Law.Item Metadata only ¿Todos los ‘hombres’ del Presidente?: Una mirada al Poder Ejecutivo a propósito de los ministros y ministras en el Perú post-Fujimori (2001-2014)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014) Sosa Villagarcia, PaoloThis paper focuses on ministers as government executives, paying special attention tothe case of Peru after the fall of Alberto Fujimori’s rule. This exploratory perspective seeks to provide a look over the political and technical characteristics of these executive corps in recent governments as well as the variation in their stability. In that sense, the purpose of this paper is (1) to describe their demographic and professional characteristics; and (2) analyze some indicators of ministerial stability and cabinet configuration. For this purpose a database of ministers (1990- 2014) is used, focusing the analysis in democratically elected governments after Fujimori (2001-2014).Item Metadata only ¿Tiende una sobreexposición a la democracia incipiente a debilitar una Constitución en vida?(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014) Lansberg-Rodríguez, Daniela MelaréThe present paper seeks to establish some relationships between political regimes and constitutional design, putting into debate the notion of the Arab Spring and its extent to explain the regimes changes and authoritarian breakdown. This is why topics as the scope of political participation in constitutional processes and the context of constitutional drafting are reviewed on the lights of the dataset of the Comparative Constitutional Project. The article is divided in five main parts. Firstly, it is contextualized the Arab Spring centered in the process of decision making and the actors related to the process of constitutional design. In the second place, the notions of majority constitutions and constitution compromises are turning in a debate. In the third place, a review of comparative studies about constitutions is presented by emphasize the work of Ackerman and Arato. In the fourth part, the data collected from de Comparative Constitution Project and the Economist Intelligence Unit is presented.Finally, some conclusions are elaborated.Item Metadata only ¿Democracia contra partidos? Desinstitucionalización del sistema de partidos en Colombia(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013) Dargent Bocanegra, Eduardo; Muñoz, PaulaThis article argues that in Colombia, decentralization and electoral reforms adopted in the late 1980s and in the 1991 Constitution – designed to improve democratic quality – brought about a gradual deinstitutionalization of this country’s traditional party system as an unintended consequence. Building upon resource-based theories of party configuration, we contend that in developing countries, where resources are usually crucial for party aggregation, democratizing reforms designed to distribute power and resources in the political system can reduce local candidates’ incentives to join and remain loyal to political parties, particularly when those parties’ reputations are weak. In Colombia, these reforms (i) reduced the power of intermediate-level party leaders over the distribution of selective incentives, making these leaders less important for local politicians, and (ii) gave more political and financial autonomy to local candidates, reducing their need to join parties in order to advance their electoral goals. As a result, party cohesion and discipline become difficult to maintain, and the party system gradually deinstitutionalizes.Item Metadata only El limbo democrático: Estado de Derecho, crimen organizado y paramilitarismo en México(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015) Rodríguez Fuentes, Oscar DanielIn late 2007, President of Mexico Felipe Calderon Hinojosa implemented a policy of direct confrontation with crime organizations, this decision generated a climate of widespread insecurity and increased high-impact crimes such as arbitrary executions, torture and forced disappearan- ces. In this context of violence some groups of society hired paramilitaries in San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León and created self-defenses in some cities of Michoacán to protect their rights. This problem exhibited the incapacity of the State to provide public security and the situation of some territories formally under the rule of law but materially controlled by the organized crime.Item Metadata only Violencia política en las elecciones subnacionales mexicanas. El caso de Chiapas en 2015(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016) Torres Alonso, EduardoThis document presents a revision of the process that has permitted to establish in Mexico the equality in the candidacies for the relative majority principles and proportional representation to the House of Representatives, the Senate of the Republic and local congresses, and it analyses the phenomenon of political violence that some candidacies suffered during the elections on July 20th, 2015, in Chiapas.