Revista Kawsaypacha: Sociedad y Medio Ambiente
URI permanente para esta comunidadhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14657/182387
ISSN: 2523-2894
e-ISSN: 2709-3689
La Revista Kawsaypacha: Sociedad y Medio Ambiente es la revista de investigación arbitrada del Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (INTE-PUCP), indizada en LATINDEX, DOAJ, REDIB y otros. Recientemente indizada en SCOPUS (noviembre 2022) y en SciELO (marzo 2023).
Kawsaypacha es una voz quechua que significa “Tierra viva”. Desde esta revista, el INTE-PUCP busca aportar al debate académico que analiza la relación entre la sociedad y medio ambiente desde diferentes perspectivas, y promover una reflexión interdisciplinaria que brinde nuevos enfoques y herramientas para comprender la creciente complejidad de nuestra relación con la naturaleza y la sostenibilidad socioambiental. Para ello adoptamos estándares internacionales de comunicación científica y prácticas de ciencia abierta.
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Ítem Texto completo enlazado Planificación Participativa para la reducción del riesgo de desastres: rutas de aprendizaje para reducir la brecha entre estado y territorio(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-09-13) Recharte, Jorge; Rondán Ramírez, VidalThis case study discusses a problem identified in the global literature: the difficulty of national states in translating their policy instruments for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation into effective actions at the local territorial level. We review two perspectives on the territory and modes of intervention: (i) those of government agencies within the Huascarán Biosphere Reserve in Áncash and (ii) those deployed by local organizations in the context of a disaster risk reduction project. The case study presents evidence on the potential of participatory approaches to generate information that can help identify strategies that align adaptation and risk reduction actions to local well-being objectives and productive systems. It is concluded that there is a need to develop collaborative learning spaces between state agencies and communities to improve the effectiveness of policy instruments for disaster risk reduction.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Riesgo socioambiental en el Perú: identificación, caracterización y categorización de 1874 distritos al 2019, usando aprendizaje automatizado y econometría espacial(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-04-17) Trujillo Córdova, Christian MoisésThe environmental crisis due to climate change has forced many States to direct efforts towards environmental transition to reduce the probability of occurrence of a situation with a negative impact on their population or environment. Peru is no exception. In this sense, the need arises to identify and categorize its districts according to a certain socio-environmental risk. Faced with this challenge, a multistage quantitative methodology was developed and implemented, which made use of both machine learning (supervised and unsupervised) and spatial econometrics. The results of this methodology, visualized through emerging risk indixes, evidenced the existence of 165 districts considered socio-environmental risk zones (SERZ, in Spanish known as ZRS), mostly located in the coastal strip. Finally, it is concluded that the pattern and replicability of urban development model in Peru is currently not coherent with efforts towards environmental conservation and preservation.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Actual y futura disponibilidad del agua en un contexto de inseguridad hídrica en la subcuenca de Parón, cuenca del río Santa, Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-04-16) Izaguirre Liviac, Marcos Fabio; Drenkhan, Fabian; Timaná, MartínWater security in Andean watersheds depends on adaptive water management in the face of glaciohydrological and socioeconomic impacts. The Parón sub-basin in the Santa River basin (Ancash, Peru) is a suitable case in this respect. Water is regulated by a floodgate in the Parón lake, which has become a focal point of social conflict. This study analyzes the water balance of this sub-basin using a semi-distributed hydrological model for the present (2006-2016) and future (2030-2050), considering different scenarios of precipitation variation, glacial melting, and increased water demand. Without regulation of the lake, the sub-basin would enter into a strong water deficit in the dry months (June-August). Until 2030 (2050), assuming a maximum regulation of 2.6 m³/s, a 15% (35%) increase in precipitation, and a 10% (26%) decrease in the glacier contribution to the annual flow, water availability would be reduced by 37% (35%). In a pessimistic scenario with a 15% (35%) decrease in precipitation, water availability would still be reduced by 47% (56%) annually. These results highlight the need to keep a socially acceptable minimum water flow (>2 m³/s) to avoid critical levels of water scarcity in the dry months and to address the needs of local water users.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Evaluación del desperdicio de alimentos: normas y acciones para fomentar la circularidad en Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-04-16) Huiman Cruz, AlbertoPopulation growth generates a higher demand for food and, thereby the waste of larger quantities of food. The fight against this problem has been initiated in several countries through strict regulations that manage food waste: Peru has made proposals related to the use of food waste, however, they were ineffective when it became evident that there was a lot of waste The objective of this article is to analyze the management of food waste in Peru and the world, both in terms of regulations and situation; for this purpose, a bibliographic review was carried out taking into account the guidelines of circularity in food. The results obtained show deficiencies in the Peruvian and world regulatory framework, with the exception of Europe. It was found that the generation of food waste is abundant worldwide, especially in the hotel, restaurant and cafeteria sector, with portion size being the main cause. The countries coincide in their concern for the increase in waste and seek to frame themselves in the circularity model, in the case of Peru, this implies modifying and improving regulations with the participation of the actors involved. In view of this, a vision of sustainability is proposed in which the agricultural sector, the local economy, the supply chain, and technology intervene as factors that guarantee a sustainable food industry; as well as the legislative initiatives that seek to reduce food waste.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Pérdida de bosques amazónicos por expansión urbana en el Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2023-08-29) Moschella, PaolaThe occupation of peri-urban areas in the eight largest Amazonian cities is studied, along with its impact on forest conservation, in order to identify conditions associated with greater or lesser loss of peri-urban forests. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of demographic and spatial indicators is conducted, as well as a spatial analysis of recent urban growth over forested areas. Furthermore, challenges for the conservation of peri-urban forests are discussed based on key territorial dynamics and existing mechanisms for territorial planning and management. It is identified that the greater pressure from urban growth on peri-urban forests is mainly linked to migratory processes and regional economic dynamics related to mining and tourism activities. Likewise, the trend towards reduced population and housing density in new expansion areas, along with an increase in the real estate supply for secondary residences, poses a threat to sustainability. Peri-urban roads concentrate deforestation areas and future urban expansion, highlighting the need to enhance mechanisms for environmental impact assessment of road infrastructure and focus efforts on sustainable land management measures in these zones.Ítem Texto completo enlazado La producción de nuevas naturalezas en la alta Amazonía peruana (1940-1981) y las tesis de Ester Boserup(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2023-08-31) Bedoya-Garland, Eduardo; Aramburú, C. E.; López-de-Romaña, AnelThe purpose of this work is to describe the historical, population, economic, and environmental conditions that led to the expansion of the agricultural and demographic frontier in the Peruvian high jungle, particularly in the Alto Huallaga basin, during the decades spanning from 1940 to the early 1980s. The text describes and analyzes how the dynamics of demographic frontier expansion, through highland-origin settler farmers, exerted intense pressure on natural resources, subsequent environmental degradation, and eventually regional demographic saturation. The migrant settlers continually reproduced their family units of production and consumption in frontier territories, thereby creating new natures and destroying others in the process. In this context, we aim to explore the links between demographic growth in the Alto Huallaga and the slash-and-burn agricultural systems that accompanied them, as well as the socio-environmental consequences and the ongoing feedback dynamics between these processes. In doing so, we put to the test the model of land use extensification and intensification proposed by economist Ester Boserup.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Reflexión introductoria: los bosques del Perú desde una mirada compleja(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2023-09-12) Sabogal-Dunin-Borkowski, AnaEssay on the issue of the situation of forests in Peru. It presents, in a concise manner, the contributions of the articles from the special dossier «Forests and Sustainable Development in Peru: An Interdisciplinary Perspective». It includes reflections on the actions and policies that the State has been carrying out; analysis of how businesses and the population use forests, some from a historical perspective and others with more contemporary approaches. The texts in the dossier are presented according to the classic division of Peruvian geography: coast, highlands, and jungle.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Determinación de la calidad ambiental de las ex relaveras Azalia y Chonta (Pasco, Perú), por medio de monitoreos ornitológicos(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2023-04-19) Saenz Cortez, Carlos Alberto; Vilela Saldarriaga, Johanna MarielBird monitoring conducted in the former Azalia and Chonta tailings dams, located in the District of Goyllarisquizga (Pasco), conducted from March 9 to 12, 2021, has helped determining that the environmental quality is average. Furthermore, it has been pointed out that it is important to restore and reforest ecological components of the former Chonta and Azalia tailings dams, since according to the results obtained, 89.06% of the species found are registered on the IUCN Red List of threatened species, classified as Least Concern according to version 3.1 of the second edition of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Likewise, 10.92% of birds are endemic to the area, which means that they can only inhabit that type of ecosystem, and 3.36% of birds are cataloged as CITES and are listed in Appendix II of CITES, so it can be concluded that 89.06% of species are sensitive.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Entre "lo local y lo externo". El rol del territorio local en la transformación histórica del sistema alimentario de Lima Metropolitana(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2023-04-19) Pajuelo Bravo, Jose AlonsoThe food system is a relevant component to sustain the cities, that arises from the interrelationship among stakeholders, infraestructures and natural resources, enabling food production, transformation, storage, distribution, commercialization and consumption, as well as food waste reuse. Thus, the system provides enough accessible and harmless food to the locals. In South America, the Pacific hydrographic region has hosted societies that created food systems that evolved from self-sufficient to open to economic chains. This has an impact on the management of production areas in the territory. Since pre-Hispanic times, territory-adapted food systems were developed, which were focused on managing several production areas distributed in a group of basins. Nevertheless, the creation of large cities in this region, such as Metropolitan Lima, have resulted in the relocation of production areas out and away from their territory, which allows to differentiate what is local and what is external. Although the metropolis became a strong economic hub that contributes to the development of global and domestic economic chains; population growth and unplanned urbanization have caused soil degradation and the reduction of arable land (supplied to the real estate market), relegating the local metropolitan territory to food trade and consumption. In consequence, the food system is vulnerable to global or domestic crisis scenarios that could interrupt the external production process. This research analyzes the historical transformation of Lima’s food system to reflect on the local territory’s contribution to food security.Ítem Texto completo enlazado La conservación de los humedales peruanos: un análisis de su legislación, sanciones y consecuencias(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2023-04-21) Toledo, Sheyla; Aponte, Héctor; Gil, FernandoWetlands are globally valuable ecosystems, mainly because they provide ecosystem services. In Peru, these ecosystems are governed by regulations that have been in place for the last 60 years. However, these have not been critically assessed to date. This paper compiles and analyzes the regulations related to Peruvian wetlands, evaluating the penalties they impose and their consistency with the legal systems protecting these areas. As a result, 44 documents were found, which include laws (13), decrees (11), resolutions (8), strategies (6), regulations (3), protocol (1), declaration (1) and the constitution. Eighty-five percent of these documents (37) do not set forth any sanctions; seven established penalties. Among the latter, we find penalties punishing pollution (4 documents), overexploitation of resources (3), poor management (3), accumulation of debris (1), the presence of drains (1), as well as impacts that are used to assess the conservation status in protected areas, such as pollution (7), overuse of resources (4), displacement of native species by the introduction of exotic species (3) and habitat loss (2). The evolution of documents over time, the penalties they establish, and the need to strengthen regulatory aspects and propose strategies jointly with competent authorities and the population are discussed.
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