(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-11-16) Ramírez Bullón, Javier Ernesto
This paper seeks to describe and explain the character of Peruvian foreign policy towards China during the early 21st century. From a historical perspective focused on the role of internal factors, the analysis identifies the main governmental and nonstate actors that shape the China-Peru relation in three key dimensions: political/diplomatic, economic/ commercial, and military/strategic. Furthermore, shows how these aspects interrelate each other to shape the structure and the political process behind the adaptation of Peru to the rise of China. The study ends with some final thoughts on the benefits and vulnerabilities of maintaining a pragmatic approach to China. In this sense, the findings recognizes that one of the virtues of pragmatism is the construction of a flexible foreign policy, capable of diversify alliances with multiple great powers. However, the analysis also warns of the need to understand how the national interests of Peru are constructed vis-à-vis China, since the pragmatic proximity can hide an acquiescent international attitude.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-11-16) Quispe Robles, Javier Luciano
What are the challenges Joe Biden’s foreign policy faces in Latin America? The American president has promised to open a new era in foreign relations with Latin American countries after four years of Trump’s unilateral and unpredictable foreign policy. However, there are processes underway in Latin America that impose significant constraints for US foreign policy: processes of democratic erosion in several countries of the region, a competitive regional environment led by regional Latin American powers, and a growing presence of China in the region. This article discusses how these processes shape Latin American regional politics and how they challenge the Biden’s broad agenda, ranging from environmental issues, migration, corruption, and human rights. Finally, the article analyzes the engagement of the United States with Latin American countries in light of recent events. Thus, the paper seeks to contribute to the discussion on factors that affect foreign policy and the relationship of the United States with Latin America.
