(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-13) Caetano, Liandra Aparecida Orlando; Galinari, Lais Sette; Rezende Bazon, Marina
Following the perspective of the General Strain Theory (GST), this work explored the relationships between stressful experiences for adolescents, in the family (aggression and problems with the police) and at school (bullying), anger, self-control, and antisocial behaviors. Participated in the study, 102 students, 13 to 16 years old, from public schools in a city in the interior of São Paulo state. They answered five questionnaires. Descriptive analysis and simple and adjusted logistic regression were performed. Having committed school violence, having anger as a trait, and having lower self-control seem to interact and foster the conditions for antisocial behavior. Further studies, with larger and diverse samples, should continue to explore the TGT model, including context variables, which may modulate the focused relationships.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-13) Marín Medina, Claudio Ernesto; Jorquera Silva, Yasna Xiomara; La Banca Ledesma, Hugo Guillermo
The pandemic generated a series of social alterations that affected people’s mental health. Analyzing psychological well-being and its possible associated factors in an abnormal situation such as the one experienced is of great scientific interest. For this reason, this research seeks to analyze the relationship of psychological well-being with coping strategies and family satisfaction in university students. The research has a quantitative approach, with a correlational scope and a cross-sectional non-experimental design. The sample is 377 students from a Chilean university. The Ryff psychological well-being scale, the COPE-28 coping strategies inventory and the FACES IV family satisfaction scale were applied. The results show that, on average, psychological well-being is at a medium to high level. In addition, it is evident that there is a significant correlation of psychological well-being with most coping strategies and with family satisfaction.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-13) Girotto Agostini, Júlia Maria; Cordeiro Freitas, Lucas
This study aimed to characterize the repertoire of educational social skills of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and to relate it to their children’s social skills. 62 parents /caregivers of children between 3 and 12 years old attended in Specialized Rehabilitation Services of a micro-region in Zona da Mata /Minas Gerais, Brazil participated. The Social Educational Skills Inventory (IHSE-Del Prette) and the Brazilian version of Social Skills Inventory, Behavior Problems and Academic Competence of Children (SSRS) were used. A positive correlation was obtained between the general scores of the two instruments and most factors. The parents’ ability to talk /dialogue proved to be strong predictors of children’s social skills. The implications of the results for interventions with parents of children with autism are discussed.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-13) Negrete Cortés, Agustín; Vite Sierra, Ariel; García Gomar, María Luisa; Fernández Ruiz, Pedro; Berra Ruiz, Enrique; González García, Diana
The aim of this study was to assess the impulsive behavior under the model of matching law in a group of teenagers, witnesses of family violence, using a paradigm of choice in where they manipulated the four dimensions of the reinforcer: quality, immediacy, effort and reinforcement program and to compare their performance with a group of teenagers who are not witnesses of family violence. The age of participants was between 14 and 17 years old, they all were students of high school in Mexico City, which 28 were men and 17 women. Each participant completed seven sessions: a baseline assessment, five assessments of impulsive behavior and replication. The results indicate that the group of adolescents, witnesses of family violence, do not differ significantly from the comparison group in the number of impulsive choices, however, differences do occur when the quality competes against the effort. There is a tendency of adolescents witness of family violence to choose a lower effort even if it means getting a low-quality reinforcer. The results are discussed in terms of relevance to assess the construct of impulsivity from a paradigm of choice in a nonclinical population with specific characteristics.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-13) Mamani-Benito, Oscar; Idme Uyuquipa, Mariaines; Carranza Esteban, Renzo; Morales-García, Wilter C.; Ruiz Mamani, Percy G.
In order to determine how emotional dependence and self-esteem predict psychological violence in Peruvian women entrepreneurs, a predictive cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 180 women entrepreneurs to whom the Psychological Maltreatment Inventory (PMWI), the Emotional Dependence Questionnaire (EDC) and the Stanley Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (Form “C”) were applied. The results show significant correlations between psychological violence, self-esteem and emotional dependence; also, it was found that education level, marital status, self-esteem level and emotional dependence are predictors of psychological violence. It is concluded that low levels of self-esteem and high levels of emotional dependence can predict high levels of psychological violence in Peruvian women entrepreneurs.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-13) Becker, Fernando
Part of the research Epistemology Underlying Teaching Work is presented, with data collected in Peru, Chile and Uruguay, through interviews with 17 teachers. It aims to identify epistemological conceptions that underlie the teaching of Mathematics and verify whether such conceptions are similar to those found in Brazil. The objective is to apprehend the epistemological conceptions underlying the answers to questions 20-23 of the research. The result is the almost total lack of understanding that mathematical knowledge results from constructive processes. They attribute learning to teaching, without thematizing the origin of such capabilities or structures; they widely believe in its achievement by memorizing algorithms, putting creative processes such as problem solving in the background. The basic theoretical reference is Piagetian Genetic Epistemology.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-13) Arturo Toro, Johana Marcela; Vásquez Arteaga, Érika Alexandra
The study sought to understand the manifestations of parental control, communication and affection in the raising of children in the early childhood stage. The method was plated from the qualitative paradigm, with historical hermeneutical approach, ethnographic type. The measurement instruments were the focus group interview guide and the life history guide. The collection techniques were life history and the focus group. The participants were 19 families. The information analyzed from the theoretical perspective of Baumrind (1991) indicated that parental control went from authoritarian to authoritative; Traditionally unidirectional communication became bidirectional and in the manifestations of affection they showed some changes due to the influence of social and political frames of reference. In conclusion, families practice parenting styles different from those experienced in their history.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-13) Camelo, Lana Carine Soares Dias; Fernandes de Araújo, Ludgleydson; de Cerqueira Castro, Jefferson Luís
This study aimed to apprehend the social representations of depression among elderly women. 64 elderly women participated in the research, divided into two groups, with a mean age of 68.6 years (SD=7.2) and 68.5 (SD=8). The free word association technique was used, with data analyzed through prototypical analysis using the Iramuteq software. The results pointed to a positive SR of aging for the group of elderly women participating in conviviality groups for elderly people and negative for elderly women who did not participate in groups. The SR of depression were equivalent in both groups. In conclusion, the necessity and importance of permanent health education about depression was identified, focusing mainly on elderly women as a target audience.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-13) d’Avila Scherer, Alessandra; Ojeda Ocampo Moré, Carmen Leontina; Krenkel, Scheila
The objective of this qualitative study was to characterize the functions of significant social networks of patients who experienced obesity recurrence after bariatric surgery. For data collection, semi-structured interviews and application of the Network Map were used. The analysis of the data of the 12 participants was based on Grounded Theory and was supported by the Atlas-ti software. Family members were the most mentioned people playing, predominantly the role of emotional support. Noteworthy were the functions of emotional support, cognitive guidance and material help offered by the health team, as well as unmet expectations of help. It is sustained that knowing the relational dimension that surrounds bariatric patients allows us to highlight resources to face challenging moments inherent to the postoperative period, such as the recurrence of obesity.
In order to evaluate the fit of a theoretical model to explain Mental Well-being from Positive and Negative Affect, Somatic Symptoms and Psychological Pain, 260 university students from Chile participated voluntarily, who answered the EBMWE, PANAS, SSS-8 and MBPPAS scales. The multivariate statistical technique of Path Analysis was used and the results indicated that Mental Well-Being is explained by direct relationships with Positive Affect, Negative Affect and Psychological Pain. Somatic Symptoms would have an indirect effect through Negative Affect and Psychological Pain. It is concluded that the variables of the model explain 72% of the variance of Mental Well-being.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-13) Brenlla, María Elena; Germano, Guadalupe
This article describes and compares the levels of self-control and impulsivity, key aspects of self-regulation, in three age groups to evaluate possible differences due to age; and at two times: September 2019 (n=190), a normal period, and September 2020 (n=199), a period with lockdown during the pandemic. It was found that self-control increases, and impulsivity decreases with increasing age. Also, improvidence impulsivity was higher during the pandemic, while compulsive urgency and self-control were lower than in 2019. In short, age is a relevant factor in explaining differences in self-regulation, and the COVID-19 restrictions led to a depletion of self-control and greater impulsivity in times of stress.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-14) Garrido, Sebastian Jesús; Ghio, Fernanda Belén; Cupani, Marcos; Bruzone, Manuel
The UPPS-P scale is widely used to assess impulsivity. For this reason, the psychometric properties of the extensive version of UPPS-P were analyzed from the Rasch polytomous model. Eight hundred Argentine adolescents aged 12 to 18 years participated in the study. As a result, it was found that the dimensions of the UPPS-P presented an adequate fit to the Rasch model, adequate levels in the Person Separation Index (PSI), some items with local dependence and an adequate level of unidimensionality. It is concluded that the scale is a valid instrument to assess impulsivity in adolescents; therefore, a conversion table with interval scores is presented to increase the measurement precision of the instrument.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-14) Hatibovic, Fuad Juso; Faúndez, Ximena; Gaete, José Manuel
This article examines the impact of social representations of the War of the Pacific and identity fusion on the willingness to fight for Chile among high school students. A correlational design was used. The participants were 116 Chilean high school students with an average age of 16.76 years (SD = .73). Correlation analyses show that there is an association between identity fusion, social representations of the War of the Pacific, and willingness to fight for Chile. People with higher identity fusion are more willing to defend the national ingroup. Mediation analyses showed that the mediating variables, namely identity fusion, explain the relationship between social representations of the War of the Pacific and the criterion variable.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-14) Idme Apaza, Leyda Flor; Ordoñez, Xavier
The content validity of the Attitudes Towards Teamwork (AHTE) scale was designed and analyzed. The items were written from a university competence approach and are distributed in 4 dimensions: Identity, Communication, Regulation and Execution. Theoretical relevance, instrumental relevance, representativeness, mastery, valence, uniqueness and clarity of 104 items were evaluated by expert judgment (n=23). The following content validity indices were used: CVR, CVI, CVC and Aiken’s V. The results show values close to 0.0.0. The results show values close to 0.80 in CVI and values higher than 0.9 in CVC Mean and Aiken’s V Mean, being clarity the property to be improved in 28 items. In conclusion, the AHTE scale has evidence of content validity.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-14) Stover, Juliana Beatriz; Fernández Liporace, María Mercedes; Castro Solarno, Alejandro
The Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 was adapted for the adult population of Buenos Aires. Participants were 225 subjects (68.4% female; 30.7% male, 0.9% non-binary). Instruments administered were: survey of sociodemographic data and characteristics of use of social networks; Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2; Mental Health Continuum Short Form and; Symptom Check List-27. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out; It was found an adequate fit of the structure proposed by the original author. Cronbach’s and ordinals alphas ranged from .77 to .87. Significant positive correlations were found between the generalized problematic use of the Internet, the psychopathological symptoms and the time of use of social media. Associations were negative with psychological well-being.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-14) Úbeda Roncero, Víctor; Oceja Fernández, Luis; Salgado Salgado, Sergio Antonio; Beramendi, Maite Regina; Gavilán Domingo, Pablo
Based on the Evaluative Model of Normative Appeals (EMNA), we designed a diagnosis tool that allows forecasting the extent to which employees may comply with a set of norms. We first performed two cross-sectional studies to apply the tool within a general sample of workers (Study 1, N = 382) and within a sample of employees of a specific organization (Study 2, N = 82). Two months later we tested in the same organization (Study 3, N = 80) whether the willingness to comply with a set of normative appeals was aligned with the diagnosis generated in Study 2. The results support the validity of the tool to diagnose the perception of and willingness to comply with normative appeals.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-14) Méndez Casas, Lander; Cavalli, Stefano; El-Astal, Sofián; Pizarro Carrasco, José Joaquín Alberto; Padoan Moura, Sonia Geni; Telletxea Artzamendi, Saioa; Páez Rovira, Darío Alexander
This article reviews and synthesizes 10 free-recall studies on collective memory carried out in Latin America, Europe, and Palestine. Results show the high prevalence of the topics of politics, collective violence and warfare, but around 50% of recalled events were appraised as positives, disconfirming a negative bias in collective memory. However, in Palestine most of the events were entirely or partially negative, reflecting country’s conflictual situation. The analyzed studies confirm a partial socio-centrism: in Latin America and Palestine most events were national. A meta-analysis confirms a generational effect in 24/100 historical events. Negative historical events were related to low social wellbeing in Palestine. Results are discussed in the framework of collective memory processes and social representations of history.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-14) Quiñonez Tapia, Francisco; Vargas Garduño, María de Lourdes
The psychometric properties of a Subjective Well-being Scale were analyzed for adolescent students participating in the evaluations of PISA 2018. The sample included 67,503 adolescent students from Bulgaria, Georgia, Hong Kong, Ireland, Mexico, Panama, Serbia, Spain and the United Arab Emirates. Different models were evaluated for the Subjective Well-being Scale. Reliability was validated with the McDonald’s Omega coefficient, validity with the Confirmatory Factor Analysis and invariance with the Multigroup Factor Analysis. The Bifactorial model, with a general factor called Subjective Well-being and three specific factors called Satisfaction with Life, Positive Affects and Negative Affects, yielded the best fit indices. The analyses of the Subjective Well-being Scale applied to adolescent students from the four countries studied, yielded evidence of validity, reliability and invariance for different groups of adolescent students.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-14) Loayza-Rivas, José; Zelaya Icaza, Patricia
This study aimed to translate and validate the Revised Attitudes Toward Research Scale (R-ATR; Papanastasiou, 2014) in Peruvian university students. A total of 214 students participated, 65.9% female, with a mean age of 24.79 years (SD = 5.15), from a private university in Metropolitan Lima. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to test the R-ATR model of three correlated factors, obtaining an acceptable fit. On the other hand, excellent reliability coefficients for internal consistency and appropriate evidence of content validity were obtained. It is concluded that this Spanish version of the R-ATR has adequate evidence of validity and reliability that accredits its use in the Peruvian context.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-07-14) Cabrera-García, Victoria Eugenia; Docal-Millán, María del Carmen; Acuña-Arango, Lina María; Campos-García, Ximena; Varela-Jaramillo, Mariana; Riveros-Munévar, Fernando
The objective was to determine the psychometric properties of the F-COPES in the Colombian population. Cross-sectional study, with 1373 people, aged between 18 and 84 years. Data were analyzed in Jasp, exploratory factor analyzes were performed using the weighted least squares estimation method and a promax-type oblique rotation. Confirmatory factor analyzes with diagonalized weighted least squares estimators and robust analysis methods. Internal consistency analysis using Cronbach’s Alpha indices, McDonald’s Omega, and the highest lower limit index. A structure of five factors was found, four original ones: finding social support, cognitive restructuring, finding spiritual support and passive evaluation, and a new one: neighbor support. The scale evaluates family functioning in crisis situations in the Colombian context.
