(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020-08-23) Riquelme Arriagada, Alberto
Electoral participation in Chile as in the world constitutes a broad field of study, however, research that associates poverty with participation in elections has focused only on the one-dimensional measurement of it, without considering its multidimensional conception. Searching to complete that gap is analyzed the communal poverty rates and the presidential elections in Chile carried out by voluntary vote, in order to answer, does multidimensional poverty affect electoral participation? To achieve this, the method of ecological inference is used with which to reach individual conclusions from aggregated information. It is argued that among people in poverty the tendency to abstain is greater than among those who are not in this condition, thus generating unequal electoral participation. The main conclusions are that the participation rates among the poor do not exceed 38.75%, while among the non-poor the tendency to vote is higher.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020-08-23) Carranza Acevedo, Renata; Romero Herrera, Julia
In order to fulfill their obligations to guarantee fundamental rights and reduce inequalities States have a series of options; one of them, the implementation of policies aimed at improving the standard of living of their population; that is how the concept of social security gains relevance, but not as a social policy under the charity paradigm but as a state management strategy, under the comprehension that social security is a fundamental right. In that sense, the present article aims to denote that social security regarding pensions has a significant impact on reducing inequality and as a consequence it is necessary to apprehend it as a public protection policy centered on the person for the realization of their rights, with the management and control of the State from the implementation of redistributive measures such as the universalization of non-contributory pensions but hand in hand with policies that aim to reverse the causes of structural inequality that generate the lack of coverage and adequacy around access to pensions for the elderly, on which we will focus, as they are a group in a disadvantaged situation. Therefore, firstly, we will delineate the relationship between pensions as measure of social security and inequality, secondly, we will provide an overview of how the pension system for the elderly is constituted in Peru; finally, we will analyze the current panorama of coverage and sufficiency that result in the (in)satisfaction of the right to social security and in which women are especially relegated, since state interventions have to start from a diagnosis that identifies the main challenges that the pension system will have to deal with.
