Libros y capítulos

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    Agua y desarrollo. El caso del Proyecto Olmos Tinajones (Lambayeque, Perú)
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Urteaga Crovetto, Patricia
    Since the early twentieth century, a developmentalist wave has attempted to mobilize both foreign aid and capital in Peru. Agriculture has been one of the sectors intervened to promote private investment through technological projects and institutional changes. An example of this phenomenon is the Olmos Tinajones Irrigation and Hidroenergy Project developed in the northern coast of Peru during the 1990s. In this article I outline two central arguments for the discussion on water and development: the institutional and physical transformations that occur in the water sector covertly encrypt asymmetries, and the discourse of the common good that legitimize huge hydraulic projects is eventually captured by corruption schemes that primarily benefit private companies.
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    Gobernanza energética y de la vivienda popular en Lima Metropolitana
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Miranda Sara, Liliana; Valdivia-Sisniegas, Richard H.; Verdiere, Marion
    La energía —desde su generación hasta el consumo— es fundamental para el desarrollo urbano sostenible y resiliente, y particularmente para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero causantes del cambio climático. Sin embargo, en el Perú del Bicentenario no se reconocen fácilmente las múltiples facetas de esta vinculación. Presentamos aquí hallazgos iniciales del proyecto de investigación Modelos energético-basados en una planificación urbana equitativa en el Sur global (GEMDev, por sus siglas en inglés) 1, específicamente del primer paquete de trabajo, con un análisis de la configuración de la gobernanza energética con respecto a la vivienda popular en Lima Metropolitana. Se visibiliza una configuración de redes de actores y discursos, donde las redes dominantes y sus discursos no abordan en conjunto la energía y vivienda, limitando así sus contribuciones a la justicia socioambiental, urbana y climática, en las políticas públicas.
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    Resiliencia en el Estado, la sociedad, la política y la urbe. Algunas reflexiones
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Vargas Florez, Jorge
    This chapter refers to resilience, a term that is simultaneously considered as a goal, a means, and a capacity, depending on the discipline of study used. A construct is proposed for its development, “search for excellence in work performance”. It analyses transition to achieving resilience in the Government, Society, Politics and Urbanism with intersections in the implications that are visible and necessary after two hundred years of republican life in Peru as a path for reflection, discussion, and evaluation. The paper ends by presenting the limitations that resilience has as a means of transformation when the return to a previous state of a disruptive event is not an option.
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    Pandemia, Cambio Climático y el Perú
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Gamio Aita, Pedro
    This article presents an analysis of the relationship between the pandemic and climate change, as well as an analysis of the impact of its effects in Peru. In this way, it contrasts the different international commitments assumed by Peru for the mitigation of climate change and the actions that have been taken to achieve these commitments. This brings to light the problems of governance and institutional strength, which have been evidenced, and in other cases aggravated, by the pandemic. To conclude, different legal perspectives on the General Law on Climate Change will be presented, in order to point out the challenges Peru faces in achieving effective legislation on climate change mitigation.
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    Necesidad de una protección adecuada a los defensores y defensoras de derechos humanos ambientales
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Gamboa Balbín, Aída Mercedes
    The threats due to illegal logging, illegal mining, illegal agriculture and illicit cultivation of coca come together in the Amazon and in Peru. Such activities daily increase environmental defenders’ vulnerability level. They are subject to aggressions when defending and protecting their lands and natural resources. This panorama has been aggravated by the arrival of the pandemic and was complemented by incentive to extractive and infrastructure activities, resulting in the continuity of socio-environmental conflicts, such as escalation of violence and criminalization of environmental defenders. Murders have increased and have been reported by various international and domestic organizations, despite progress in the justice and environment sectors. Therefore, there is need for adequate implementation of various existing tools and also for the Congress of the Republic to ratify the Escazú Agreement, the first environmental treaty containing provisions for effective protection of these people.
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    Soberanías en conflicto: conservación y naciones indígenas en la Amazonía peruana
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Merino, Roger
    Indigenous organizations, international actors, and national authorities portray different images of the relationship between ‘Indigenous Peoples’ and the natural environment. Based on these images, these actors deploy ecological, economic, and security arguments to create or transform protected areas. By exploring three cases of conflicts over inception and management of protected areas in the Peruvian Amazon this paper maps the tensions around the different images and explores how indigenous organizations and state authorities - backed by international actors - engage with security, economic and ecological rationales from their own sovereignty standpoint. The paper argues that the State weakens indigenous political aspiration of sovereign territorial control by translating this agenda into depoliticized mechanisms and assumptions of modern international environmentalism, which ultimately limits their capacity to truly contribute to conservation goals. Rather, a ‘nation-building’ approach to conservation, by conceiving Indigenous Nations as sovereign partners in environmental management, might give environmental initiatives legitimacy.
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    Los retos de las ciudades del Perú frente al cambio climático. Aproximaciones desde la Justicia Ambiental
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Ortiz Sánchez, Iván; Mayo D’Arrigo, Maritza; Alvarez Cueva, Jessica; Espinoza Bardales, Carlos; Garaycochea Castañón, Antonio; Illanes Calderón, Christian; Vivas Huaccho, Diego; Vásquez, Pascuala; Ramos Díaz, Lorena
    Faced with the urgent call to action raised in the latest IPCC report, this paper takes a panoramic review at the general problems of Peruvian cities tackling climate change, revealing that the challenge is twofold: to build resilience to climatic variability, but above all to overcome the structural causes that produce high levels of social and ecological vulnerability. It is concluded that the four dimensions of environmental justice -distribution, recognition, participation, capacities- allow a more complete analysis of the vulnerabilities to overcome and achieve fair resilience; also, progresses have been found in this regard.
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    Cambio Climático: Ventana de Oportunidad para las Fuerzas Armadas en las estrategias de adaptación y mitigación
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Miranda Alfaro, Víctor Arturo
    This article exposes and analyzes different actions in which the Armed Forces can participate taking advantage of what Kingdon (1984) calls «windows of opportunity», which will remain open for short periods and if they are not taken advantage of in the political process, the opportunity cost will be lost, and it will be necessary to wait for another one to appear again at a certain moment; all this with the purpose of strengthening the State’s capacity to benefit the population and of having a country on the path to sustainable development. The Armed Forces play a very important role in the State’s sustainability strategy, and they have managed to be considered as an insurance against future conflict scenarios related to climate change. They could participate in supporting society through a significant contribution to adaptation to climate change. In this sense, the armed forces should be strategically considered and prepared as a risk manager.
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    El nivel del mar y la erosión de playas en el Perú
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Tavares Corrêa, Carlos
    This research aims to look into the link between sea level rise and beach erosion in Peru. According to a bibliographic search of sea level trends and shoreline change, only 15 percent of the country’s beaches retreat due to erosion. The presence of structures for coastal protection changes the sediment balance and seems to be the major cause of beach erosion in Peru. Otherwise, 85 percent of the coastline remains steady or is moving toward the sea. Contrary to expectations, mean sea level rise appears to have little influence on beach erosion in Peru.
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    Recursos, producción y ambiente
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Quispe, Isabel
    The environment is in a difficult and complex situation where natural resources are decreasing to attend the needs of the population, because the resource replacement rate is lower than its consumption rate. The population is constantly growing, to date there are 7.8 billion inhabitants, and it is estimated at 8.5 billion inhabitants by 2030. They will require food, clothing, housing, services and others, that is, natural resources will be needed to be transformed and obtain goods and services. In this context, Peru is a megadiverse country and very rich in natural resources such as forest, hydro-biological, water, mining, hydrocarbon resources, soil, among others, which can become a pantry for the world. What is the situation of these resources today? It is necessary to include production systems to understand environmental problems, since to obtain goods and services, these systems consume resources and generate waste, effluents and / or emissions in their operations, impacting the environment. So, it is necessary to know how these systems have been developed. Were environmental criteria considered in decision making? To contribute to sustainability, avoiding or mitigating environmental impacts, it is necessary to make decisions using methodologies and tools with a more comprehensive approach such as, life cycle assessment, industrial ecology, circular economy, among others.