Libros y capítulos
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Item Open Access Energización rural mediante el uso de energías renovables para fomentar un desarrollo integral y sostenible: Propuestas para alcanzar el acceso universal a la energía en el Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP), 2016) Escobar, Rafael; Gamio, Pedro; Moreno, Ana Isabel; Castro, Alicia; Cordero, Víctor; Vásquez, UrphyEl documento analiza la problemática y el estado de la situación referido al acceso universal a la energía, identifica la alternativa en el país de las energías renovables y la eficiencia energética, asimismo presenta una propuesta de política que parte del análisis de los costos, los beneficios y las limitaciones que se enfrentan en el país, en base a ellas se plantea un conjunto de medidas a corto, mediano y largo plazo.Item Open Access Segundo Congreso Latinoamericano de Investigación y Educación Superior Interdisciplinaria: libro de resúmenes(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP), 2018) Castro, Augusto, ed.; Merino, María Isabel, ed.; Congreso Latinoamericano de Investigación y Educación Superior Interdisciplinaria (IEI 2018) (2° : 2018 : Lima, Perú)La presente publicación recopila los resúmenes de las 18 mesas temáticas , 202 ponencias y 28 pósters presentados en el 2do Congreso Latinoamericano de Investigación y Educación Superior Interdisciplinaria, realizado del 18 al 21 de setiembre de 2018, en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. El Congreso fue convocado por el Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (INTE-PUCP), el Espacio Interdisciplinario de la Universidad de la República del Uruguay (EI-UdelaR) y el Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (CEIICH-UNAM). Contó con el respaldo del Vicerrectorado de Investigación de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP) y se realizó en el marco de la séptima edición del Mes de la Investigación PUCP. El objetivo, del Congreso IEI 2018, fue consolidar y promover espacios donde volcar y recoger experiencias, estrategias, metodologías, resultados y modalidades de evaluación de actividades de investigación y de educación de carácter interdisciplinario o transdisciplinario.Item Open Access La investigación en el derecho ambiental: hacia una metodología de la investigación para la disertación jurídica ambiental (MIJA)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP), 2019) Foy Valencia, PierreEl libro contiene un conjunto de herramientas metodológicas, que desde una perspectiva transdisciplinaria y sistemática, invitan a profundizar lo que hoy ya se puede denominar como "derecho ambiental peruano". La primera parte presenta una reflexión sobre el saber humano y los caminos de la investigación científica o académica; la segunda se centra en la experiencia de investigación científica en relación con el saber jurídico en general, para en la tercera parte sistematizar la experiencia de investigación científica específicamente relacionada con el saber jurídico ambiental.Item Open Access Testimonios sobre el derecho ambiental: egresados PUCP. Centenario de la Facultad de Derecho de la PUCP (1919 - 2019)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP), 2019) Foy Valencia, PierreEl profesor Pierre Foy nos presenta en esta oportunidad un libro que recoge los testimonios de treinta egresados de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú en materia de Derecho Ambiental. Esto se realiza en el marco de los 100 años de vida de la Facultad de Derecho de nuestra universidad. Una de las tareas de la universidad es la formación de profesionales al servicio del país. La formación de abogados especialistas en Derecho Ambiental plantea de por sí todo un compromiso con el territorio, con el medio ambiente y con los seres vivos que moran en nuestro planeta. Además que supone un esfuerzo intelectual y práctico por defender los derechos de quienes han estado desprotegidos en nuestro medio durante siglos y décadas. Nos parece una iniciativa muy interesante del profesor Foy y que ha buscado reconocer —en términos absolutamente concretos— lo que significa formar personas de cara a las nuevas exigencias que nos plantea la realidad social y ambiental. Sabemos que hay muchos más profesionales, pero en esta publicación van los primeros. Por ello, felicitamos al autor de esta iniciativa y auguramos todos los éxitos en el ejercicio de su actividad a los profesionales seleccionados para esta publicación y a los que luego vendrán. El Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (INTE-PUCP) pone a disposición del público no solo las investigaciones realizadas en materia ambiental por nuestros investigadores, sino que también pone a disposición del público a los profesionales e investigadores que trabajan y se han especializado en estos temas. Esperamos que este libro contribuya el trabajo de los profesionales en pos del medio ambiente en el Perú y fortalezca los esfuerzos de la Facultad de Derecho de nuestra universidad en esta orientación.Item Open Access Situación y desafíos en la Amazonía. Estudio de tres poblaciones de Loreto(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2021) Bernardini, Rosario; Aliaga, Jacqueline; López, Lucía; Muñoz, CarlotaLa investigación que el Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP) comparte en este libro muestra con profundidad, y desde diversos ángulos, la realidad de las comunidades y poblaciones de la Amazonía peruana. Ha sido un trabajo complejo de más de un año de elaboración donde se han visitado las comunidades, una y otra vez, con el objetivo de saber más de ellas y de comprender su lógica, sus intereses y sus expectativas. Se pone a disposición de las personas interesadas en la situación social y económica de las poblaciones de la selva, y en la implementación de energías renovables; y forma parte también de nuestro esfuerzo para que las comunidades y poblaciones tengan un conocimiento de sí mismas. Esta publicación recoge los resultados del Proyecto “Technical Support for Clean Energy in the Peruvian Amazon (Grant N° 2018-03179)” del INTE – PUCP, realizado gracias al apoyo de la Fundación Mott.Item Open Access ¿Estado ambiental en el Perú? Características de la política ambiental contemporánea(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Gamboa, CésarThere is a public debate on whether advances in Peruvian environmental policies and regulations in recent decades have sufficed to improve environmental management and the governance of natural resources, reduce environmental and social impacts, and avoid socio-environmental conflicts. Environmental policy in Peru has gradually adopted a series of tools to strengthen regulations and enhance access to information and participatory mechanisms, without neglecting the tensions that have resulted from these adopted schemes. Due attention has been paid as well to the challenges posed by global warming and alternatives to address it, such as engaging in a just and sustainable energy transition. We will present in this article a characterization of Peruvian environmental policy in recent years.Item Open Access Los retos de las ciudades del Perú frente al cambio climático. Aproximaciones desde la Justicia Ambiental(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Ortiz Sánchez, Iván; Mayo D’Arrigo, Maritza; Alvarez Cueva, Jessica; Espinoza Bardales, Carlos; Garaycochea Castañón, Antonio; Illanes Calderón, Christian; Vivas Huaccho, Diego; Vásquez, Pascuala; Ramos Díaz, LorenaFaced with the urgent call to action raised in the latest IPCC report, this paper takes a panoramic review at the general problems of Peruvian cities tackling climate change, revealing that the challenge is twofold: to build resilience to climatic variability, but above all to overcome the structural causes that produce high levels of social and ecological vulnerability. It is concluded that the four dimensions of environmental justice -distribution, recognition, participation, capacities- allow a more complete analysis of the vulnerabilities to overcome and achieve fair resilience; also, progresses have been found in this regard.Item Open Access El cambio climático y nuestra salud: una emergencia desatendida(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Salmón Mulanovich, GabrielaThe last report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) shows the limited margin we have to adapt to rising global temperature. The last four decades have been the warmest. Peru has been identified as a very vulnerable territory to the effects of climate change. The South American nation has experienced higher temperatures and retrenching glaciers, extreme climatic events, sliding crop yields, pests, floods in the Amazon basin and losses in its marine ecosystem. In addition, persistent inequity in Peru translates into uneven impacts, especially on populations that depend on natural resources for their livelihoods and are most susceptible to such adverse events. The negative effects on health can be direct due to extreme heat, or indirect due to increased exposure to forest fires, the migration of populations resulting from these events, or the transmission of certain diseases. This translates into identifying climate change as an ecosyndemic, which makes it possible to focus on common social and environmental drivers to simultaneously address several problems. Interventions in the urban environment that mitigate the impact of climate change on health and improve well-being are diverse. Decarbonizing the urban energy network has effects on air pollution and the emission of particulate matter, positively influencing health and reducing premature deaths. Considering the vulnerable situation of the territory, it is essential to incorporate these strategies with the most susceptible populations in mind, such as children and adolescents, who will continue to face climate change. After 18 months of COVID-19 health emergency, the country faces many challenges. The health crisis has taught Peru many lessons, but the health of future generations depends on how much we have learned.Item Open Access Recursos, producción y ambiente(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Quispe, IsabelThe environment is in a difficult and complex situation where natural resources are decreasing to attend the needs of the population, because the resource replacement rate is lower than its consumption rate. The population is constantly growing, to date there are 7.8 billion inhabitants, and it is estimated at 8.5 billion inhabitants by 2030. They will require food, clothing, housing, services and others, that is, natural resources will be needed to be transformed and obtain goods and services. In this context, Peru is a megadiverse country and very rich in natural resources such as forest, hydro-biological, water, mining, hydrocarbon resources, soil, among others, which can become a pantry for the world. What is the situation of these resources today? It is necessary to include production systems to understand environmental problems, since to obtain goods and services, these systems consume resources and generate waste, effluents and / or emissions in their operations, impacting the environment. So, it is necessary to know how these systems have been developed. Were environmental criteria considered in decision making? To contribute to sustainability, avoiding or mitigating environmental impacts, it is necessary to make decisions using methodologies and tools with a more comprehensive approach such as, life cycle assessment, industrial ecology, circular economy, among others.Item Open Access ¿Es posible detener la deforestación en la Amazonía peruana?(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Dourojeanni, Marc J.There are conservatively 9.6 million deforested hectares in the Peruvian Amazon. Out of them only 1.9 million support crops and livestock produced each year. The remaining ones, that is four hectares out of every five, is underused or abandoned and partly degraded. It is also known that each hectare in agricultural production produces one-third to one-half of what it could if well-known agricultural techniques were applied. However, deforestation continues at an increasing rate, with 190,000 ha of forests destroyed in 2020. Part of the problem is lack of technical and credit assistance for producers, as well as disorderly construction of roads that encourage deforestation. However, the main obstacle is that most of the deforestation is informal and occupies lands classified as suitable for forestry that cannot be granted as property by law and in which mid- and longterm investments are not made for that reason. Therefore, legalizing ownership of around seven million deforested hectares is proposed to stop deforestation. These are already occupied and it is technically, economically, and sustainably feasible to produce crops in them, applying proven strategies such as agroforestry, permanent crops, and reforestation.Item Open Access Gobernanza y territorios indígenas. Cambios, permanencias y redefiniciones(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Chirif, AlbertoThis article deals with the social and economic processes that led to creating an institution known as “native community”, formally in 1974 through a specific law. Furthermore, we deal here with the attempts by various administrations to undermine it. We also explain the criteria underpinning traditional indigenous governance and the important role of communities, organized as second level organizations, have played in specific contexts (demands claiming rights’ violations, legal and political proposals, the country’s pacification and ways of dealing with Covid-19). Finally, the article examines the emergence of a new subject of rights, namely “indigenous people”, who are also the bearers of other rights such as the right to an integrated territory and autonomous governance-that are still in the making.Item Open Access Ambiente y Sociedad: los desafíos de la biodiversidad en el mundo y en el Perú al 2050(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Rosales, Marina; Castro, AugustoThe Convention on Biological Diversity is an international legal instrument aimed at undertaking global efforts for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity components and sharing the benefits of using genetic resources. This article takes stock of the achievements and challenges of this global agreement and proposes new strategic objectives and crucial goals post-2020 to reverse the accelerated loss of species and collapse of ecosystems. This paper reviews in detail the strategies adopted by the Convention on Biological Diversity in two strategic plans from 1993 to 2020, and the thematic programs and the Cartagena and Nagoya protocols. Achievements have not been significant in regards of ecosystems or the inclusion of all sectors and private stakeholders in public policies. The study presents a series of critical evaluations around the current debate appearing in the Post-2020 Global Framework for Biological Diversity addressing issues of ecological restoration, connectivity of ecosystems, management of ecological processes and functions, local governance, and the removal of perverse incentives through policy changes. Finally, the study sets forth a few ideas about the condition of biodiversity in Peru, including topics for discussion and debate, as biodiversity requires significant support from the State and the citizens at large.Item Open Access Gobernanza energética y de la vivienda popular en Lima Metropolitana(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Miranda Sara, Liliana; Valdivia-Sisniegas, Richard H.; Verdiere, MarionLa energía —desde su generación hasta el consumo— es fundamental para el desarrollo urbano sostenible y resiliente, y particularmente para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero causantes del cambio climático. Sin embargo, en el Perú del Bicentenario no se reconocen fácilmente las múltiples facetas de esta vinculación. Presentamos aquí hallazgos iniciales del proyecto de investigación Modelos energético-basados en una planificación urbana equitativa en el Sur global (GEMDev, por sus siglas en inglés) 1, específicamente del primer paquete de trabajo, con un análisis de la configuración de la gobernanza energética con respecto a la vivienda popular en Lima Metropolitana. Se visibiliza una configuración de redes de actores y discursos, donde las redes dominantes y sus discursos no abordan en conjunto la energía y vivienda, limitando así sus contribuciones a la justicia socioambiental, urbana y climática, en las políticas públicas.Item Open Access Soberanías en conflicto: conservación y naciones indígenas en la Amazonía peruana(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Merino, RogerIndigenous organizations, international actors, and national authorities portray different images of the relationship between ‘Indigenous Peoples’ and the natural environment. Based on these images, these actors deploy ecological, economic, and security arguments to create or transform protected areas. By exploring three cases of conflicts over inception and management of protected areas in the Peruvian Amazon this paper maps the tensions around the different images and explores how indigenous organizations and state authorities - backed by international actors - engage with security, economic and ecological rationales from their own sovereignty standpoint. The paper argues that the State weakens indigenous political aspiration of sovereign territorial control by translating this agenda into depoliticized mechanisms and assumptions of modern international environmentalism, which ultimately limits their capacity to truly contribute to conservation goals. Rather, a ‘nation-building’ approach to conservation, by conceiving Indigenous Nations as sovereign partners in environmental management, might give environmental initiatives legitimacy.Item Open Access Reflexiones sobre los retos del desarrollo y la sustentabilidad en el Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Damonte, GerardoThe objective of this essay is to explain the nature of the challenges we face as a country historically dependent on the extraction of resources —particularly minerals— when approaching sustainable development. To this end, the text presents a brief account of the emergence of environmental sustainability as an urgent global objective, and then proposes the constitution of plural forms of territorial governance to identify, from a territorial perspective, transitions towards possible forms of postextractive sustainability. After introducing the issue, the text reflects on how the dominant construction of the notion of nature as separate from man has permeated our vision of development. The third section provides a brief explanation of the emergence of the issue of sustainable development as a fundamental objective in today’s world, with emphasis on the challenges it implies for countries where, as in Peru, economic development has been associated with extraction. The fourth section proposes the constitution of plural forms of territorial governance as a way of finding, from local specificities, alternatives to current development. Finally, the text closes with some reflections.Item Open Access Vivienda y territorio en áreas de puna. El caso de la comunidad de Orduña, Puno(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Rodríguez-Larraín Degrange, SofíaA study of the rural territories occupied by the “alpaquera” communities, alpaca raising communities of the Puna high plateau located at over 4000 square meters above sea level. Adopting an architectural viewpoint, this study examines rural dwellings and their relation with the original High Andean communities where productive breeding of South American camelids evolves. Dwelling areas, known as ranch cabins, communal hamlets and “support city”, need to be considered in this analysis as they are necessary for the present-day adjustment of rural life. They define the new rural/urban relations and expand the notion of rurality to include wider areas. To conclude, we propose certain initiatives t re-territorialize areas currently neglected by the State which have been abandoned by their original inhabitants who left them in search of development and modernity.Item Open Access Ambiente, pueblos indígenas y el momento constitucional(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Lanegra, IvanPeru’s independence bicentennial creates a new constitutional moment. As Peru starts its third century as an independent nation, it requires new rules to usher a critical intercultural approach and a strong paradigm of sustainability, from standpoints that respond to the climate crisis and the challenge of the Anthropocene. This article consists of three sections. The first takes stock of the environmental and indigenous issue in the 1993 Constitution. The second raises an agenda in the context of a reform of the Constitution. The third discusses some of the political problems that reform could face, as well as the dangers and opportunities it brings.Item Open Access Asumiendo la vida con una taza de café(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Chávez Achong, JulioCoffee growing occupies a significant place in the global and national economy and agricultural production, but also in the socioecosystems where it is located, which in the case of Peru is mainly the upper Amazon. Little thought is given to this last characteristic. This text does not present the results of an empirical research. It intends to be an essay based on approaches and concepts of diverse sciences, highlighting the natural and sociocultural articulation in coffee growing activities. It pretends to make visible co-evolutionary lines between nature and human society that may predispose us to be more sensitive and more responsible with their future.Item Open Access Agua y desarrollo. El caso del Proyecto Olmos Tinajones (Lambayeque, Perú)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Urteaga Crovetto, PatriciaSince the early twentieth century, a developmentalist wave has attempted to mobilize both foreign aid and capital in Peru. Agriculture has been one of the sectors intervened to promote private investment through technological projects and institutional changes. An example of this phenomenon is the Olmos Tinajones Irrigation and Hidroenergy Project developed in the northern coast of Peru during the 1990s. In this article I outline two central arguments for the discussion on water and development: the institutional and physical transformations that occur in the water sector covertly encrypt asymmetries, and the discourse of the common good that legitimize huge hydraulic projects is eventually captured by corruption schemes that primarily benefit private companies.Item Open Access Consideraciones jurídicas sobre la naturaleza en el contexto del bicentenario patrio: una indagación constitucional (Perú 1821 - 2021)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de la Naturaleza, Tierra y Energía (INTE-PUCP), 2022) Foy Valencia, PierreThis essay examines some legal premises on the notion of nature, based on a characterization of the constitutional legal system in the period 1821 -2021. A presentation of the motivation for this essay is followed by a brief retrospective view of nature from the legal standpoint through a diachronic approach to “constitutional regulated law” and nature. Some annotations are included about the legal system and nature at present to conclude with a brief forward looking appreciation of the issue.